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VISITANT S GUIDE 



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itittttiieor ©aotlr 

AND ITS VICINITY 




" FISHING GALLthY, VIKGiNIA WATER. 



PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY CHARLES TO DREWS, 

13, th - rket; 

s BY J. B. Bfa \STJ,E-STRhET, 

AND 
STYIE, HIGH-STREET, WIHDS4 



THE 



VISITANTS' GUIDE 



WINDSOR CASTLE 



ITS VICINITY, 



PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY C. ANDREWS, 

1828. 



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N^ b 



St. George's Chapel may be viewed during the intervals of Divine 
Service, which is performed daily at half-past ten in the morning 
and half-past four in the afternoon, on application to the sextons, 
Mr. Tucker and Mr. Pettit, Horse-shoe Cloisters, one of whom is 
usually in attendance at the Chapel. The State Apartments are 
open every day for the inspection of the public. Eton College 
Chapel may be seen by applying to Mr. Gray, High street, Eton ; 
application to view the Library to be made to Mr. Gray, porter, 
Cloisters, Eton College. 



THE VISITANTS' GUIDE. 



] n (,\li CHAP I 



TOWN OF WINDSOR. 

New Windsor is situated on the eastern border of the county 
of Berks ; it is distant 22 miles from the metropolis, 19 miles 
from Reading, 40 from Oxford, and 15 from Hampton Court. 
Its pleasant situation has made it the favourite residence of 
most of our monarchs from the time of William the Conqueror, 
and in the year 1276 it was declared a free borough. Charles 
II. in the sixteenth year of his reign granted the inhabitants a 
charter confirming and extending their former privileges j 
some restrictions were imposed by his successor, but at the 
Revolution of 1688 the original provisions of this charter were 
reverted to, and have since then remained unaltered. The 
present Corporation consists of a mayor, justice, ten aldermen, 
three benchers, sixteen burgesses, a high steward, town-clerk, 
chamberlain, and the customary subordinate officers. The 
mayor and justice are annually chosen from among the alder- 
men, and two bailiffs are at the same time elected from among 
the burgesses. Windsor has sent members to Parliament, with 
occasional omissions in the thirteenth century, since the 30th 
year of Edward I. The right of election is in all the inha- 
bitants of the borough paying scot and lot, six months' resi- 
dence and rating constituting the necessary qualification ; — 
the present members are John Ramsbottom, Esq. and Sir 
Richard Hussey Vivian, G.C B. The town is of considerable 
size, well paved, and lighted with gas, which is supplied from 
a manufactory situated in a meadow at the back of Peascod- 
street and Thames-street ; its population is computed at six 
thousand, exclusive of two reg-iments of military stationed here. 
At the eastern entrance of the town is the commencement of 
the Long Walk, leading to the Great Park. This very noble 
avenue — of which it has been justly said that " imagination 
cannot picture an approach of greater magnificence, produced 
by circumstances which ages alone could bring about, and of 
which ages alone can produce a rival" — is nearly three miles 
in length, and has a carriage drive in the centre, with foot- 
paths on each side, shaded by a double row of elms and forming 
a delightful promenade. On the east side of High-street stands 

b 2 



TOWN OF WINDSOR. 



THE PARISH CHURCH. 



This spacious and commodious edifice is dedicated to Saint 
John the Baptist. Its exterior is in the plain Gothic style, 
with an embattled square tower. at the west end, crowned with 
pinnacles at the angles •, the interior is fitted up with great 
neatness, and affords accommodation for eighteen hundred 
persons. A well-executed painting of the Lord's Supper is 
placed over the communion-table *, the name of the artist is 
unknown, and the picture was discovered in 1707 concealed 
behind some wainscotting in St. George's Chapel, where it 
probably had been secreted during" the civil wars of Charles I . 
Subsequently to its discovery it formed the altar-piece of that 
venerable edifice and was presented to the parish by his late 
Majesty in 1788, when the Collegiate Chapel underwent a 
general repair. Two handsomely-carved Gothic chairs for 
the service of the officiating ministers were presented by her 
Royal Highness the Princess Augusta, and the oaken rail in- 
closing the altar is beautifully carved by the celebrated Gib- 
bons. A handsome organ ornaments the west end of the church, 
on each side of which is a gallery for the children of the Free 
School, and two others above them contain seats for those of the 
National Schools. The mayor's pew is on the north side of 
the centre aisle, surmounted by a canopy of carved work : the 
royal amis are fixed at the back of the seat and the arms of 
the borough are emblazoned in front of the desk ; at the east 
end of the church are two elevated recesses, neatly fitted up, 
appropriated to her Royal Highness the Princess Augusta and 
the Members for the borough. There are several tablets and 
monuments, of which the following may be particularised : — 
In the south-east entrance from St. Albams-street is a tablet 
to the memory of Chief Justice Reeve, a munificent benefactor 
to the town, who died in 1735 5 it is ornamented with busts of 
tin* learned judge and his lady, supported by two attendant 
figures, one holding a medallion sculptured with the attributes 
of justice, the other leaning in an attitude of grief on an ex- 
tinguished torch. Near this are two tablets, the inscriptions 
on which are in black letter, but only these words are legible — 

Wyiliam Canon, stun time maior of Wyndesore, and Elizabeth his 
wyfe, and their childerne, the whych Wyiliam departed out of this 
world the 5 daie of December, in the yere of our Lord God 1509, 
fyrat yere ott the ray lie of King Harry the VIII. 

In the north aisle is a curious monument with the following 
inscription, but having no date appended to it : — 

In happie meinorie of Fdward Jobson and Klynoi his w\ fe, b\ 
whom the sayd Kdward had issue vi son?- : vidt. I'd ward, Frances, 
HvrafYie, Jamrs, William, Richard, ajid liij davghters, Klizabeth, 
Elizabeth, Katherinr, Sara. 



THE PARISH CHURCH. 5 

The parents and nine of their children, habited in the cos- 
tume of the sixteenth century, are carved in relievo, kneeling 1 
on each side tin altar reading-desk, under which is a recum- 
bent figure of an infant*, abo\e are the family arms, and the 
sides of the monument are ornamented with fruit and foliage. 
G:i the opposite side of the church is a tablet in remembrance 
of Miss Catherine Henley and her mother, both of whom were 
unremitting; in their endeavours to ameliorate the condition of 
the poor in the town and neighbourhood. An urn is repre- 
sented on the upper part of the tablet, encircled by a wreath 
of cypress and partially covered by a funereal pull ; beneath 
is an inscription containing the names and ages of the deceused, 
to which the following lines are annexed : — 
Gentle they were, and eminently good, 
By love united more than ties of blood, 
By kindred virtues, by a blameless life, 
And sweet domestic smiles that banish strife, 
Faith, that exalts this mortal to the sky, 
And bounteous, kind, long-suffering charity. 
At that great day when earth shall yield her dead, 
The books be opened, and the sentence read, 
Their Lord's approving voice the just shall hear, 
And sounds of rapture wake th' obstructed ear. " 

An almost obliterated grave-stone records the memory of 
" Richard Gales, ob. St. Andrewe's daye 1574, thrise maior 
of Newe Windsor, in whych office he worthily purchased praise 
by his discreet gouernment. ,, In the. north- west entrance is 
a larg emonument to a lady named Braham ; at the sides of 
the inscription are the statues of Wisdom and Piety, the pedi- 
ment is supported by angels, and at the base is an urn with 
two weeping cherubim. Near this are two tablets, one to the 
memory of Topham Foot, Esq. with a bust of the deceased by 
Scheemaker, the other surmouted by a shield bearing a coat 
of arms and thus inscribed : — 

Matthew Day, gent, five times maior and constant patron of the 
rights and customs of the town and corporation of Newe Windsor. 
***** After his pilgrimage of 87 years, 9 moneths, and 22 
dayes, he finished his covrse, 18th of December, 1661. 

In the porch on the opposite side, a handsome monument, 
formed of Corinthian columns of finely veined marble support- 
ing a corresponding pediment, is erected to the memory of Dr. 
Richard Hale \ and a Latin inscription on an oval tablet re- 
cords the virtues of John Dugdale, Esq. son of Sir William 
Dugdale, Knt. who died January 9, 1570. In the churchyard 
is the tomb of the Rev. Dr. Foster, with a Latin inscription 
written by himself shortly prior 10 his decease ; he was the son 
or a tradesman of Windsor, and having- received a classical 
education, so sedulously pursued his studies at Cambridge that 



6 TOWN OF WINDSOR. 

he obtained the greatest academical honours and subsequently 
rilled the high situation of head-master at Eton College, lie 
was afterwards appointed canon of Windsor, and died in 1773. 
The tower contains a peal of eight fine-toned bells, presented 
to the parish by the cofferer of Queen Elizabeth, four of which 
were re-cast when the present church was erected. The church 
was built by Messrs. Tebbott and Bed borough from a design 
by Mr. C. Hollis, and was consecrated on the 18th of June, 
1822 : the expense of its erection was £14,070 17s. 3d. The 
living is a vicarage in the deanery of Reading and diocese of 
Salisbury ; the present vicar is the Rev. Isaac Gosset. 

The Town-Hall, which stands near the centre of High- 
street, was erected in 1686, and is a plain brick structure sup- 
ported by columns and arches of Portland stone, enriched with 
wreaths of flowers. Statues of Queen Anne and Prince George 
of Denmark are placed in niches at the two ends of the building 
with Latin inscriptions beneath them. The power of trying 
all offences except capital felonies is vested in the Corporation, 
and quarter sessions are held in the hall in January, April, 
July, and October. The interior is well adapted tor trai s- 
acting* public business; at the south end is a raised bench for 
the magistrates, the royal arms surmounting the mayor's seat. 
The hall is ornamented with the following portraits, most of 
which are whole-lengths : — His present Majesty, George III., 
and Queen Charlotte;* James I., Charles I., Charl s II, 
Janus II., William III., Mary II., Queen Anne, Prince 
George of Denmark, Prince Rupert, Theodore Randue, Esq., 
Archbishop Laud, and Charles, Earl of Nottingham, high 
steward of the borough in the reign of James I. In the area 
beneath the building a pitched market for corn is kept on 
Saturdays, a general market, extensively supplied from the 
surrounding country, being held every Wednesday and Satur- 
day. There are three fairs — Easter Tuesday, July 5, and 
October 94 — but the two former are not much attended. 

Tn a line witli Figh-street is Thames-street, in which is the 
Thbatbe Royal, erected in 1815 at an expense of near £6000. 
The exterior lias very little ornament, but the audience part 
is exceedingly neat and elegant ; it is semi-circular and con- 
tains two tier of boxes, a pit, and gallery. The proscenium 
is chaste and tasteful : two pilasters of the Doric order support 
on each side an entablature of white marble, which is united 
bva yery graceful curve with the horizontal part of the ceiling. 
The fronts of the boxes are ornamented with designs from the 

hese three paintinss were presented to the Corporation by the 
present Kins;; his qwii portrait is by Sir Thomas Lawrence and the 
two others arc copies from the originals of Sir Joshua Reynolds at 

St James's Palace. 



THE THEATRE AND BRIDGE. 7 

antique, and the royal arms surmount the entablature, upon 
the frieze of which is the motto, " Exemplar vita mor unique." 

One of the ordinances of Eton College restricts the performance 
of theatrical entertainments within ten miles of that building ; 
the licence from the Lord Chamberlain, therefore, only per- 
mits the theatre to be opened during- the vacations, with the 
exception of the week when Ascot-heath races take place, at 
which time performances are allowed to be represented. The 
theatre will contain 700 persons, producing-, when filled, a 
nightly receipt of near £100. At the bottom of Thames-street 
is the bridge connecting- the towns of Windsor and Eton. It 
is 200 feet in length and 26 feet wide, and has three arches of 
cast iron, spring-nig from piers of granite ; the centre arch is 
55 feet span. It was erected in the years 1823-24 at the ex- 
pense of the Corporation, who, under the authority of an Act 
of Parliament, levy a toil on horses and carriages passing over 
it. The principal* branch streets are Castle-street, Peascod- 
street, and Sheet-street. The barracks for the infantry are 
situated in the latter j the building is spacious and well adapted 
for its purpose, though its situation is too confined to admit of 
its appearing to advantage ; the apartments will contain nearly 
1000 men. The cavalry barracks are at Spital, about a mile 
distant from the town ; they are not so extensive as those ap- 
propriated to the infantry, but, owing to the open plan of the 
building, it presents a more pleasing appearance. There are 
seven smaller streets; St. AlbanVstreet, Bier-lane (in which 
is a Wesleyan chapel), Queen-street, Church-street, George- 
street (at the bottom of which stands the Borough g-aol, a small 
brick structure), Clewer-lane, and Datchet-lane. Nearly at 
the end of the latter is the residence of the Naval Knights ; 
this institution was founded in 1728 by Mr. Samuel Travers, 
who bequeathed the residue of his estates for the settlement of 
an annuity of £60 on seven gentlemen, superannuated or dis- 
abled lieutenants of British meu-of-w r ar ; funds were likewise 
assigned for the erection of a suitable residence. The building 
consists of seven distinct apartments and a dining-room for the 
general use of the establishment; the front faces the east and 
is ornamented with a light portico, forming a pleasing object 
when viewed from the north terrace of the Castle. 

There remains but one more subject connected with this 
ancient borough to which it will be here necessary to advert 
— the great number of charitable institutions. Few provincial 
towns, of equal extent and population, can vie with Windsor 
in the variety of channels tnrough which active benevolence 
is employed in diffusing advantages of every nature among the 
more necessitous classes of the inhabitants. The annual income 
of the endowed charities alone amouuts to nearly £750, ex- 



8 TOWN O! WINDSOR. 

elusive of the establishments supported by voluntary subsci ip- 
tion. The first institution for the education of youth is the 
Free School, a neat brick edifice at the north-east cornei of 
the churchyard, erected in 170G under the patronage of Queen 
Anne ; thirty boys and twenty girls are here clothed and edu- 
cated at an expense of £250 "per annum. At the bottom of 
Peascod-street are the National Schools for children of both 
sexes ; this building-, having- a residence for the master and 
mistress in the centre with a school-room on each wing-, was 
erected in 1819, the expense being- defrayed by voluntary do- 
nations. The advantages of this system of education, by which 
learning-, piety, and morality are united, yearly become more 
apparent, the number of children having- constantly increased. 
In 1784 a school for the maintenance and tuition of twenty 
girls was instituted under the patronage of Queen Charlotte, 
called the Ladies 1 Charity •, the g-irls are clothed, educated, 
and provided with servants' places upon their leaving- the 
school. The Dispensary for the relief of the sick poor is 
situated in Church-street, and derives its income chiefly from 
annual subscriptions ; this charity has afforded most valuable 
benefits to the poorer classes and has been frequently honoured 
with the munificent patronage of his Majesty. By aid of a 
Ladies 1 Charity for Lying-in Women, deserving females are 
supplied with pecuniary assistance and articles of clothing 
during* the period of maternal indisposition. The Society for 
promoting Christian Knowledge and the Bible Society have 
both active auxiliaries in the district associations of the town. 
In addition to these institutions, whose benefits are bestowed 
without limitation as to the number of applicants, there are, 
in the town and immediate suburbs, alms-houses for twenty- 
eight poor persons, with an endowed income of £103 17s., and 
nearly £100 is annually distributed in bread to the aged and 
infirm. Upwards of £200 is expended in the following charity, 
founded by Archbishop Laud and enlarged by T. Randue, 
Esq. : — for two years successively seven boys are apprenticed 
with a premium of £15 each, and the same sum is paid to seven 
young men whose term of apprenticeship then expires; in every 
third year £20 each is given as a marriage-portion unto ten 
servant-maids, who have been three years in one situation. — 
The latest benefaction, with the exception of a small bequest, 
was contained in the will of Mrs Thomas, relict of Dr. Thomas, 
dated January 15, 1821 ; this lady appointed the Corporation 
of Windsor her residuary legatees, in trust for the payment of 
an annuity of £5 each to twelve poor widows, parishioners of 
Windsor, members of the church of England, and not less than 
fifty years of age j the youngest of the present twelve is above 
seventy years old. 



CHAP. II. 



THE CASTLE. 



This majestic structure, so justly termed an emblem of the 
British constitution in its strength, its grandeur, and its an 
tiquity, is built upou the summit of the hill on tlv? declivity 
of which the town stands, and forms a most magnificent feature 
in the prospect for many miles round. Edward the Confessor 
granted the site both of the town and castle to the abbey of 
St. Peter at Westminster; but the eligibility of its situation 
for a military post being- perceived by William the Conqueror 
shortly after his assumption of the sovereignty, that monarch 
exchanged it with the Abbey for some lands in Essex, and 
constructed a fortress of considerable size. Henry I. greatly 
enlarged the building and erected a chapel, where, in 1122, 
he celebrated w r ith great state his marriage with his second 
queen, Adelais of Lorraine. Henry II. held a parliament in 
the Castle in 1170, which was attended by all the great Eng-lish 
barons, W T illiam, King of Scotland, and his brother David. 
During the contest between King John and the barons, which 
terminated in the grant of Magna Charta, the former took 
refuge in the Castle, which, in the year subsequent to the 
signing of the treaty, w T as ineffectually besieged by the barons. 
During the reign of Henry III., the Castle was alternately in 
the possession of both the contending factions, but, v being 
eventually surprised by Prince Edward, was made the ren- 
dezvous of the royal party. Edward I. and Edward II. made 
Windsor their principal residence ; it was likewise the birth- 
place of several of their children, the most celebrated of whom 
was that prince " famous in history and of great renown," 
afterwards Edward III. The attachment this enterprising 
monarch bore to his native place was exemplified by the atten- 
tion he paid to the improvement of the town and castle, the 
latter of which was entirely rebuilt by him, with the exception 
of three towers at the west end of the Lower Ward. A work 
of this magnitude, it may naturally be supposed could not be 
undertaken at that period without experiencing considerable 
difficulties, especially in procuring w r orkmen ; to obviate this 
last-mentioned impediment, writs were issued to the sheriffs 
of the different counties, directing them forcibly to impress the 

C 



10 THE CASTLE. 

necessary artificers and send them to Windsor, there to be 
employed, at the king's wages, as long as should be required. 
This harsh mandate was several times enforced, particularly 
in the year 1363, about which period a contagious pestilence 
destroyed a great number of the men . The celebrated William 
de Wykeham superintended the works, at a weekly salary of 
seven shillings and three shilling's per week for his clerk. 
Many improvements and alterations were made during the 
reigns of his successors ; Edward IV. rebuilt, upon an enlarged 
scale, the chapel of St. George, in which his remains were 
subsequently deposited, as well as those of his unfortunate rival 
Henry VI. Henry VII. made several additions to the chapel 
and upper ward, and his successor rebuilt the principal gate 
of the building. On the 3d of Aug*ust, 1544, Queen Mary and 
her consort Philip II. of Spain, made a grand public entry 
into Windsor from Winchester, where their marriage had been 
solemnised. A very important addition was made to the edifice 
by order of Queen Elizabeth, in the formation of a terrace on 
the worth side of the Castle. This noble promenade (which 
was subsequently enlarged by Charles II. and carried round 
the east and part of the south fronts) is 1870 feet in length } 
it is crowned with a rampart of free-stone, and commands a 
finely varied and extensive prospect. On the north side, the 
view comprises the counties of Bedford, Berks, Bucks,Oxford, 
and Middlesex, including" Eton College, Harrow-on-the-hill, 
Stoke Park, the river Thames, and several noblemen's seats 
and villages. The prospect from the south and east sides is 
more circumscribed in extent but scarcely inferior in beauty, 
extending over the Long Walk, Windsor Forest, and the Great 
Park, and bounded by the richly- wooded scenery of the Surrey 
hills : — 

" Here hills and vales, the woodland and the plain, 
Here earth and water seem to meet again ; 
Not, chaos-like, together crushed and bruised, 
But, as the vvoild, harmoniously confused." 
The ill-fated Charles I. resided in the Castle at the com- 
mencement of his reign, and held occasional courts in those 
apartments which, towards the close of his eventful career, he 
was compelled to inhabit as a prisoner. Soon after the Resto- 
ration, Charles II. adopted Windsor Castle as his favourite 
residence, and commenced a series of alterations, the good taste 
and propriety of which have been since justly questioned. The 
ancient Gothic windows, so much in unison with the character 
of the edifice, were replaced by circular French ones, and the 
general chaste simplicity of the building violated by the intro- 
duction of a foreign ornamental taste. It is, however, but just 
to add that the interior was greatly improved by the liberality 



THE CASTLE. 11 

of this monarch ; the royal apartments were richly furnished 
and decorated, a large magazine of arms constructed, and a 
number of valuable paintings by the iirst masters formed into 
a collection, a preceding one which belonged to bis royal father 
having been sold by order of the Long Parliament. William 
III. and Queen Anne improved the parks, planting several 
avenues of elm and beech trees, and inclosing the Little Park 
with a brick wall ; George I. frequently resided at the Castle, 
where every Thursday he dined in public, a fashionable custom 
at that period in continental courts. With the exception of 
trifling occasional repairs, the building remained as it was left 
by Charles II. till the reign of his late Majesty, who selected 
Windsor for his principal residence. Under his direction, and 
in great part from his private purse, the north front of the 
Upper Ward was partly restored to its original appearance, 
St. George's Chapel completely repaired, and several minor 
improvements executed. The lamented illness of the King 
suspended the progress of the undertaking- for a period of eleven 
years ; but, shortly after his decease, public attention became 
directed to the propriety of renovating the edifice upon a scale 
of grandeur commensurate with its ancient magnificence. In 
1823, the alterations were commenced by the demolition of two 
buildings called Augusta Lodge and Queen's Lodge, the latter 
of which was erected by Sir William Chambers as a domestic 
residence for their late Majesties and the younger branches of 
the royal family ; neither of these fabrics were distinguished 
by any architectural beauties, and the situation of the Queen's 
Lodge in particular having- been ill-chosen, as it excluded the 
fine view of the Great Park and Long Walk from the south 
front of the Castle, their removal gave general satisfaction. 
In 1824, a parliamentary grant of £300,000 was voted towards 
the improvement of the building, the expenditure of which 
was placed under the superintendence of seven commissioners, 
the Duke of Welling-ton, the Earl of Liverpool, the Earl of 
Aberdeen, Lord Farnborough, Sir Matthew White Ridley, 
Mr. Goulburn, and Mr. Baring. The most eminent architects 
in the country were competitors for the honour of presenting 
an approved design, and the plans of Mr. Jeffrey Wyatville 
were finally decided upon ; various other sums have been since 
voted, amounting in the aggregate to more than £600,000, 
and the Upper Ward is now nearly completed.* 

* The most favourable situations from which the stranger can 
observe the Castle are-- 1. The playing fields of Eton College. From 
this p )int of view the whole of the north front is seen to great ad- 
vantage, comprising the terrace, Brunswick, George the Third's, and 
Winchester Towers, the State Apartments, and Queen Elizabeth's 
Picture-gallery, which, with the adjoining part of the building, pre- 

c 2 



12 THE CASTLE. 

THE LOWFR WARD. 

Opposite Church-street is the entrance to the Lower Ward 
of the Castle. Passing under King- Henry the Eight), 
way, the south front of the beautiful building- of the Col 
Chapel of St. George (described in the following ch 
immediately presents itself to the notice of the spectator. The 
Lower Ward is more extensive than the T'pper, and includes 
within its circuit the following* towers : — Winchester, which 
forms the western end of the north terrace, and is at present 
the residence of J. Wyatville, Esq. ; — Store Tower, otherwise 
called the Lieutenant's, from its being' occasionally occupied 
by that officer, is nearly opposite the Deanery, and presents a 
venerable appearance from the profusion of ivy with which it 
is mantled; — the towers flanking the entrance-gateway, con- 
taining- a guard -chamber for the detachment of military who 
do duty at the Castle and apartments for their commanding- 
officer ; — Salisbury, the residence of the bishop of that diocese, 
as chancellor of the order of the Garter; — Garter, a small 
tower on the west front \ — and Julius Caesar's, an ancient and 
irreg-ularly-built tower at the north-west ang-le, now more 
commonly termed the Belfry Tower from its containing" a 
peal of eig-ht fine-toned bells ; a set of chimes also play every 
three hours. 

sents a curious specimen of the peculiar style of architecture in vogue 
at tie latter end of the sixteenth century. 2. The fields leading from 
the little village of Olewer, abont a mile v. est of the town. This 
walk lies nearly parallel with the Thames and includ* s a good view 
of the town and south-west front of the Oastte ; the bridge and parish 
church fom pleasing objects from this position. 3. the footpath 
through the Little Park from Windsor to Datchet. Ibis i 
braces part of the south and the east ?r> nt, comprising the suite ol 
apartments occupied by his Majesty, in front of which is a d< 
tagon terrace, with bastions at the angles, inclosing a space about to 
be laid out as a flower garden. The genera! outline of the building 
from this part of the Park is so extremely pleasing, especially when 
seen by moonlight, as amply to deserve the encomium parted on it 
by a celebrated writer of the present day, who terms it ' a view which 
every one who has ihe slightest taste for the [ icturcaque ought neither 
to go abroad nor to die without seeing." 4. .Snow-hill, an eminence 
at the farther extremity of the Long Walk, on which it is intended 
to place an equestrian statne of George III. of colossal dimensions, 
now executing by Mr. WestmacoK ; the prospect from this situation 
is one of the most beautiful in th< >>d of Windsor, com 

bining a general view of the Castle with a luxuriant landscape of the 
adjacent country. These situations have been pointed out only as 
atfording favourable spots for observation to visitants, but it must be 
obvious thai .in edifice so extensive and commanding ly sil 
Windsor C.istle must present, in the meat number of rides in its 
vicinity, a variety of views calculated both to please the eye and adorn 
the sketch-book. 



THE LOWER WARD. 13 

The ward is divided by St. George's Chapel, on the north 
of which are the residences of the ecclesiastical officers of the 
establishment, and on the south and west those of the poor 
knights. Those on the royal foundation reside on the rig-lit 
of the entrance-gateway, u low square tower called Garter- 
hail standing in the centre j the buildings on the west side of 
the area are occupied by ihe knights on the foundation of Sir 
Peter le Maire. The residences of the minor canons and lay 
clerks are at the west end of St. George's Chapel ; the first 
dwellings on this site were built by Edward IV. in the shape 
of a fetter-lock, one of his royal badges, and are now termed 
" The Horseshoe Cloisters." Near the north transept of the 
chapel is an entrance-door and embattled wall, with vacant 
niches, belonging to a building- called the New Commons j 
over the door is inscribed in raised letters, u JEdes pro sacel- 
lanorum choristarum couviviis extructa, A.D . 1579.' 1 It was 
erected by Dr. James Denton, Canon of Windsor, for the use 
of the stipendiary priests and choristers who had no place 
assigned them in the College to keep their commons, and was 
fitted up by him with a culinary apparatus •, it is now attached 
to a dwelling-house. A vaulted passage forms an entrance to 
the Great Cloisters, in which are several memorials of deceased 
poor knights ♦, upon the north side, on a plate of copper let 
into the wall, is the annexed inscription : — 

Near this place lyeth the body of Captaiu Richard Vaughan, of 
Panfglass in the county of Caernarvon, who behaved himseife with 
great courage in the service of King Charles the First (of ever blessed 
memory) in the civil] warns, and therein lost his sight by a shott; in 
recompence whereof he was, in July 1663, made one of the Poor 
Knights of this place, and died the 5th day of June, anno Domini 
1700, in the 80th yeare of his age. 

A stone bench runs round three sides of these cloisters, the 
inner front of which is formed by pointed arches, divided at 
the top by Gothic tracery into four compartments-, some of 
these are ornamented with quatrefoils. Near the east door of 
the chapel is a marble tablet surmounted by a shield of arms 
and an heraldic coronet, with a Latin inscription thus trans- 
lated :— 

Here, nigh to the place of his birth, are deposited the mortal re- 
mains of that venerable and most virtuous man Isaac Heard, Knt., 
Garter Principal King at A.rms, which office he executed for thirty- 
eight years with the utmost integrity and indefatigable diligence, 
even to the end of his life, having discharged various heraldic offices 
for more than sixty-two years. He died on the 29th day of April, 
1822, in the 92d year of his age, whom, if thou hast known, thou hast 
loved. 

In the south side of the cloisters a tablet, with a marble 
pediment and base, is thus inscribed : — 



14 THE CASTLE. 

Near this place are deposited the remains of Mr. William Red- 
dingtoo, late of New Windsor, gent., who died June the 11th, 1755, 
aged 52 }ears. 

A virtuous, course from early youth began 

Proclaimed the christian and adorned the man; 

His manners blameless, temper summing strife, 

Diifused a lustre e'en on private life. 

Such virtues in a humbler sphere were shown 

As pride and pomp might not disdain to own. 

With sighs or gratitude the poor deplore 

Their generous benefactor, now no more; 

Their tears of love neighbours and kindred blend, 

And all bewail the universal friend, 

Him, who, while living, lived for human kind, 

And dying left a spotless name behind. 

The cloisters communicate with the Castle-hill by a lofty 
passage, on the west side of which is this memorial : — 

• King George III. 
Caused to be interred 
Near this place the body of 
Mary Gascoin, 
Servant to the late Princess Amelia, 
And this tablet to be erected, 
In testimony of 
His grateful sense of 
The faithful service 
And attachment of 
An amiable young woman 
To his beloved daughter, 
Whom she survived only three months; 
She died the 19th of February, 1811, 
Aged 31 years. 
On the north of the Great Cloisters is a communication with 
the Inner Cloisters, which are inhabited by the prebendaries 
of the Chapel ; the library, consisting- principally of ecclesi- 
astical writers and some of the earlier British classics, is in these 
cloisters. On the north side are " The Hundred Steps," a 
descent of eighteen stone stairs in the Castle wall, at the foot 
of which is a postern gate, studded with iron bolts, opening 
upon a small platform, whence a flight of 122 steps winds round 
the brow of the hill, having another gate at the bottom com- 
municating with Thames-street; this entrance is only opened 
from sunrise till sunset. 

A t the east end of St. George's Chapel is a lofty stone edifice, 
now known by the name of the Royal Tomb-house, which was 
erected by Henry VII. as a burial-place for himself and his 
successors. Upon his subsequent preference of Westminster 
Abbey for that purpose, this building remained neglected until 
Cardinal Woisey obtained a grant of it from Henry VII] . ; 
with the same profusion of expense which marked all the public 



THE ROYAL TOMB-HOFSE. 15 

acts of his life, he began to prepare it as a receptacle for his 
remains, but at the confiscation of his property, it reverted to 
the Crown. Charles I. intended to fit up the structure ;is a 
royal mausoleum, but the civil war interposed, and in 164tt it 
was plundered by the republican army ; on the accessio.- of 
James II., that monarch bad it converted into a chapel for the 
celebration of the Roman Catholic worship, and Verrio was 
employed to execute a richly-ornamented ceiling - : but. in a 
popular commotion that soon after ensued caused by the king- 
publicly entertaining the Pope's nuncio, the windows ami in- 
ternal decorations were destroyed. It thus remained till the 
reign of his late Majesty, when it was determined to construct 
a royal cemetery beneath it j for this purpose an excavation 
was made in the strata of chalk forming the foundation to the 
depth of fifteen feet, and corresponding in length and width 
with the dimensions of the building. On each side are the 
receptacles for the bodies, formed by Gothtc octagonal pillars, 
supporting a range of four shelves. The entrance is in the 
choir of St. George's Chapel, from which a subterraneous 
passage leads to this solemn resting-place for the illustrious 
deceased. The following royal personages have been here 
interred : — 



Title. 
Princess Amelia . • . . 
Princess Charlotte .. 
Queen Charlotte. . . . 

Duke of Kent 

George III 

Duke of York 



Died at Buried on 

Windsor I November 14, 1810 

Claremont.... ! November 19, 1817 
December 2, 1818 
February 12, 1820 
February 16, 1820 
January 20, 1827 



Kew 

Sidmouth 
Windsor. . 
London . . 
The bodies of the infant princes Octavius and Alfred have 
been also removed hither from Westminster Abbey. 

The Deanery stands at the east end of the Tomb-house and 
contains several spacious and commodious apartments, parti- 
cularly one called the garter-room, in which the knights robe 
preparatory to the ceremony of installation. In this room is 
a very curious antique screen, of large dimensions, painted 
with the heraldic bearing's of Edward III. and the knig-ht- 
companions from the institution of the order to the last inves- 
titure; their respective quarterings are emblazoned oh the 
shields with great neatness.* 

* The brick buildings adjoining the Deanery will, in the progress 
of the improvements now carrying on, be removed, and a new en- 
trance to the Upper Ward wiil be formed partly upon their site. 



16 THE CASTLE. 

THE ROIND TOVVKR. 

Between the two wards of the Castle stands the Keep or 
Round Tower, which is built on the summit of a lofty artificial 
mount, and was anciently surrounded by a fosse, now in part 
filled up and the remainder converted into a shrubbery and 
garden. This stately structure is the residence of the governor 
or constable of the Castle, an office vested with very extensive 
authority, both military and civil : the custody of all distin- 
guished state prisoners was confided to his care, a duty which 
occasionally involved j^reat responsibility. During- the reign 
of Edward III., John, King- of France, and David, King- of 
Scotland, captives of the Black Prince and the intrepid queen 
Philippe, jou i the sorrows of confinement within 

these walls. In the early part of the sixteenth century, the 
Earl of Surrey, so celebrated for his love of literature, was 
also subjected, for some trilling* violation of the ecclesiastical 
canons during- Lent* to a rigorous confinement within, to use 
his own phrase, "the nlay den's tower."* The Long- Parlia- 
ment and Oliver Cromwell frequently confined several of the 
royalist party within these walls, among- whom the Earls of 
Lauderdale and Lindsay suffered captivity for several years, 
and were not released till the Restoration. The Mareschal de 
Belleisle, who was taken prisoner during* the German wars in 
the reig*n of Georg-ell., was the last individual confined here. 
The first g-overnor of the Keep was Walter Fitz-Other, ancestor 
of the Earls of Plymouth, who was one of the knig-hts of Wil- 
liam the Conqueror, and was appointed by him to this office 
with the title of castellan, since which that noble family have 
affixed " De Windsor" to their oilier titles. In 1201, Hubert 
Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor, was 
g-overuor of the Castle ; and, during- the protectorate of Oliver 
Cromwell, Sir Bulstrode W r hitelock exercised the office. The 
present g-overnor is the Earl of Harrington. A flig-ht of one 
hundred stone steps, at the summit of which a piece of ordnance 
is let into the wall commanding tfoe whole rang-e of the stair- 
case, forms the ascent to the main body of the building-. At 
the top of these, an arched g-ateway leads into a square paved 
court communicating- with the principal apartments; but the 
paintings and tapestry with which they were decorated having- 
been removed while the improvements are carrying- on, a de- 
scription of them would be nere superfluous. 

* The maiden tower was a name common to castles at that period, 
and signified the principal tower; the word is a corruption of the old 
French mayne, great. Maidenhead, a small corporate town on the 
bank of the Thames, about five miles from Windsor, derives its name 
from the same source, its proper title, " Maydenhithe/' signifying a 
great port or wharf on the river. 



17 



CHAP. III. 



ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL. 

Henry I. erected a chapel upon part of the site occupied 
by the present edifice, which he dedicated to St. Edward the 
Confessor ; this having become dilapidated was rebuilt by 
Edward III. shortly after he had instituted the order of the 
Giirter, and was by him dedicated to St. George, the patron 
saint of that order. It was much enlarged and improved by 
succeeding monarchs, particularly Edward IV. and Henry 
VII., and in the late reign underwent a complete repair. The 
principal entrance-door is at the west end of the nave, but the 
one generally used is on the south front, ornamented with a 
small porch, on the right of which a brass plate let into the 
wall bears the following curious inscription : — 

Here lyeth George Brooke, somtyme Yeoman of the Garde vnto 
King H: the 8, Bd: the 6, Qveene Mary, & vnto Qveene Elizabeth 
that no we is, vntill the tyme of his death, who died the 24 of October, 
1593, in the 35 year of her Maties raigue. 

He ly ved content with rneane estate -s 
And long ago prepared to dye : / This is the 

The idle parson he did hate, Yoriyinall 

Poor peoples wants he did svpply. * inscription. 

Out of a respect both to the memory of the deceased and also to 
the honour and antiquity of the said guard, this plate was repaired, 
enlarged, and engraven at the sole charge of Edward Phillips, citizen 
and merchant-toy lor of London, and oue of the 100 yeomen of the 
guard to King William the III. and Queen Mary the II. oi blessed 
memory, and now to her Majesty Queen Anne, in the 6th year of her 
reign and the 52d of his age, A.D. 1707. 



The said Edward Phillips also served K. Charles the II. and K. 
James the II. in the General Post-office, and a Yeoman of the Guard 
to K. George the 1st. Obitt the 24th day of Bee. 1724, in the 69th 
year of his age. 

Like Brooke he liv'd and did dispence 

His charity where need appeared, 

He much encouraged diligence, 

And young and old with 's bounty cheared. 

Industry him to wealth did raise, 

Honesty did his life adorn, 

Trew Briten he was all his days, 

In fertile Shropshire bred and born. 

D 



18 ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL. 

On entering the interior, the admiration of the spectator is 
immediately excited by the grandeur of its architect! 
which it surpasses several of our cathedrals, and the beauty of 
the great west window. This fine specimen of stained glass 
contains eighty compartments, each six feet in height ; the 
figures represent Edward the Confessor. Edward IV., Henry 
VIII., several of the patriarchs, the primitive bishops, and 
other ecclesiastics, interspersed with heraldic bearings, among 
which the cross and insignia of the order of the Garter are 
frequently displayed. The richness of the colours, the loftiness 
of the window, and the venerable appearance of the Gothic 
tracery by which its compartments are divided, combine to 
awaken in the mind those feelings of a we and solemnity so much 
in unison with the sacred character of the edifice. The other 
windows, with the exception of that above the altar which will 
be described in the account of the choir, are of minor import- 
ance in point of size and attraction-. The east window in the 
south aisle represents the Augel appearing unto the shepherds 
with the annunciation of the Nativity, and the west* I 
depicts the birth of the Redeemer. The subject of the west 
w indow in the north aisle is the Adoration of the Magi The 
designs for these windows were furnished by the late Benjamin 
West, Esq. and were executed by Mr. Forest between the years 
1792 and 1796; the first-mentioned is painted in half-tints, a 
style of colouring extremely well adapted to the light that its 
situation affords.* The stone roof is an ellipsis, supported by 
pillars of ancient Gothic architecture, whose ribs and groins 
sustain the ceiling- with admirable beauty and elegance. A 
variety of devices representing the arms of several sovereigns 
of the order with those of some of the most illustrious knight- 
coinpanions, are emblazoned on theexuing, among which those 
of Sir Reginald Bray, a liberal benefactor towards building 
the body of the chapel, are frequently displayed. The nave 
and choir are separated by the organ-loft, which is supported 
by columns in uniformity with the rest of the chapel and em- 
bellished with the insignia of the Garter. The organ possesses 
an extremely fine tone, particularly in its swell, and was erected 
at an expense of one thousand guineas, defrayed by his late 
Majesty. A pair of beautifully-carved folding-doors form the 
entrance to the choir ; this part of the chapel is appropriated 
to the performance of Divine Service and the ceremony of 

* It was in contemplation at one period to remove the stained 
gla-> from the great western window, and substitute in its stead a 
painting of tin: Crucifixion; a design by Mr. Wot was approved and 
the undertaking commenced, but, after ten years' unremitting labour, 
the decease ol Mr. Forest, tin' principal tie ope- 

rations, and it is now doubtful whether they will be resumed. 



THE CHOIR. 19 

installing- the knights of the Garter. The richness of the roof 
and carved work, the beautiful effect of the great painted 
window above the altar, and the banners of the knights sur- 
mounting their respective stalls combine to present to the eye 
an almost unrivalled union of sublimity aud grandeur. The 
floor is paved with marble in alternate diamond-shaped squares 
of black aud white, and the communion-table is approached 
by an ascent of four steps. The stalls of the knights are ranged 
on each side of the choir, and those of the sovereign and the 
princes of the blood-royal under the organ-gallery; foreign 
potentates, members of the order, are the next in succession, 
the knights ranking according* to the date of their investiture. 
Over each stall under a canopy of carved work, is the sword, 
mantle, helmet, and crest of the knight } above these is the 
banner on which are his. armorial bearings, and at the back 
of the seat an engraved brass plate records his name, style, and 
titles.* The stall of the sovereign is distinguished by a canopy 
and curtains of purple velvet, embroidered with gold fringe ; 
on the pedestals of the stalls the life of our Saviour is repre- 
sented in uncommonly rich carved work, and on those under 
the organ-gallery are the adventures of St. George. In 1814 
an addition was made to the number of knights, and six new 
stalls were in consequence added, in front of which are carved 
the attempt of Margaret Nicholson to assassinate his late Ma- 
jesty, the procession of the King to St. Paul's on the day of 
thanksgiving for his recovery from indisposition in 1789, the 
interior of the cathedral on that occasion, aud a representation 
of Queen Charlotte's charity-school. On the outside of the 
upper seat of the stalls a broad girth, continued on both sides 
of the chapel, is carved in Saxon characters with the twentieth 
psalm, supposed to be intended as a supplication for the sove- 
reign of the order. 

The great painted window over the altar was designed by 
Mr. West and executed by Messrs. Jarvis and Forest between 
the years 1785 and 1788. The subject is the Resurrection of 
our Saviour, which the artist has divided into three compart- 

* At the decease of a knight, his sword, banner, and other insignia 
are taken down, but the plate remains as a perpetual record of the 
distinguished honour he had borne. Some of the older plates are 
worthy attention, affording curious specimens of heraldic engraving. 
Among them wili be found those of Sigismund, Emperor of Germany 
in 1413, Casimir IV. King of Poland in 1452, the Duke of Bucking- 
ham, Lords Hastings, Lovel, and Stanley, prominent characters in 
the spirit-stirring times of Richard III. ; the accomplished though 
unfortunate Earl of Surrey in Henry the Eighth's reign ; Charles V. 
Emperor of Germany and his gay and polished rival Francis I. of 
France ; Sir Robert Dudley, afterwards Earl of Leicester ; Lord Bur- 
leigh, and other illustrious characters of a more modern period- 

D 2 



20 ST GEORGE 1 * CHAPEL. 

ments ; in the foreground of the central division, the soldiers 
who were guarding- the sepulchre are represented gazing with 
mingled terror and surprise on the ascending figure of the 
Redeemer, who is preceded by an angel; several cherubim, 
among whom the painter has introduced a portrait of Prince 
Gctavius, one of the infant sons of their late Majesties, are 
represented in the clouds. In the compartment on the right, 
the Virgin Mary, Mary Magdalene, and Salome are approach- 
ing the sepulchre with the necessary ointments and spices for 
embalming the body } and on the left, the disciples Peter and 
John are hastening to the place of interment, alarmed by the 
rumour that the body of their Divine Master was missing. 
This very beautiful window, the masterly execution of which 
deserves the highest praise, is seen to most advantage in the 
forenoon *, but, at any period of the day, the 4i dim, religious 
light 11 it sheds upon the choir admirably harmonises with the 
general character of the building. The three windows on each 
side of the altar contain the arms of the sovereign and the 
knight-companions of the order in 1782, 1799, 1805, and 1812. 
The arms of each knig-ht are encompassed with the star and 
g-arter, and surmounted with his crest and coronet ; the George 
is beneath, affixed to a blue riband on which the christian name 
and title are inscribed. A painting of the Lord's Supper above 
the communion-table was executed by Mr. West, at the private 
expense of his late Majesty *, it is in his best style of colouring, 
but has been objected to, on account of the figure of Judas 
being too prominent and the countenance too evidently pour- 
traying his intended treachery. The wainscotting at tne altar 
is uncommonly rich ; the arms of Edward III. and the first 
knight-companions are carved with great accuracy and neat- 
ness, interspersed with ears of corn, fruit, pelicans, symbols 
of the order, and other ornamental devices. 

In the royal vault in the choir, which is near the eleventh 
are interred Henry VIII. and his queen, Lady Jane Seymour, 
Charles I., and an infant daughter of Queen Anne. Upon 
opening the vault at the funeral of the latter, the coffins con- 
taining the remains of these royal personages were discovered, 
but no further research was made till 1813, when his present 
Majesty, then Prince Regent, determined that an investig*ation 
should be made, the place of interment of Charles I. being 
involved in considerable doubt. The vault was consequently 
opened in the presence of his Royal Highness and several other 
individuals, wnen the correctness of the surmise was clearly 
proved, the head and body being found in a plain leaden shell. 
The coffin of Henry VIII . contained only the skeleton of that 
monarch •, and as no additional historical facts were attainable 
by inspecting that of his consort, the vault was then closed. 



TOMB OF EDWARD IV. 81 

Adjoining" the altar on the north side of the choir is a gallery, 
now termed the Queen's closet, which was fitted up for the 
accommodation of their late Majesties when attending- Divine 
Service ; the curtains, chairs, and other appurtenances are of 
garter blue silk, and the windows are ornamented with several 
pieces of ancient stained glass, representing St. Catherine, the 
coronation of Esther, Nabal receiving David's messengers, 
the T ,Vise Men's offering, and the dissipation, distress, and re- 
turn of the Prodigal Son ; a portrait of Charles II. and some 
minor decorations are also introduced. Underneath this is the 
tomb of Edward IV. ornamented with a monument of wrought 
steel, representing a pair of gates between two battlemented 
towers. This curious and highly-finished specimen of art is 
said to have been executed by Quentin Matsys, a blacksmith 
of Antwerp, who subsequently devoted his studies to the art 
of painting, in which he acquired considerable reputation. 
At the interment of this monarch, trophies of gold and jewels 
were hung upon his tomb ; but in 1642, after the defeat of 
Charles I. at Brentford and his subsequent retreat to Reading, 
the republican forces despoiled it of its wealth. On the back 
part of the tomb in the north aisle is the name Edward IV. in 
raised brass letters on a black marble slab, over which are his 
arms and crown, supported by cherubim. On a flat stone at 
the base, the following words are inscribed : — » 

KING EDWARD IIIJ AND HIS QUEEN, 
ELIZABETH WIDVILL J 

and on a stone a few paces distant, is inscribed in old English 

GEORGE, DUKE OF BEDFORD, AND MARY, 
FIFTH DAUGHTER OF EDWARD IIIJ. 

During the repair of the chapel in the late reign, the vault 
containing the remains of this monarch was discovered, and 
curiosity being excited, two coffins were found placed one 
above the other } the skeleton of the king was in the under 
one, which was of lead and seven feet in length ; it was im - 
mersed in a muddy, glutinous liquor, supposed to have been 
used in the process of embalming. It was not ascertained 
whose remains w T ere in the upper one, the body of Queen 
Elizabeth Widvill having been subsequently discovered when 
the present royal cemetery was constructed, together with a 
coffin containing the remains of Prince George, her third son. 

Quitting the choir at the north-east door, we proceed to take 
a survey of the monuments. In a recess at the back of the 
altar stands that of Theodore Randue, Esq:, who -lived in the 
reigns of Charles I., Charles II., James II., William III., 
Queen Anne, and George I., and whose numerous charitable 
benefactions are recorded in the annexed epitaph, which is 
engraved between two fluted pillars of finely- veined marble : — 



22 ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL. 

To the memory 

Of 

Theodore Handue, Esq. 

Who, having spent his youth during the exile of 

The Royall Family, in the service of 

Henry, Duke of Glocester, 

Was, upon the death of that prince, 

Taken into the service of King Charles the Second, 

And, in the year 1673, in consideration of 

His long and faithful services, 

By his said Majesty was constituted and 

Appointed keeper of the 

Palace of Windsor, 

Which office he executed with the greatest care 

And fidelity, and having spent a long 

And happy course in acts of 

Bounty, charity, and benevolence, 

Departed this life, April 30th, 1724, 

In the 82d year of 

His age. 

And that the fruits of his labour might be 

Employed in doing good, 
He gave and bequeathed by his last will 
And testament, 
To the Corporation of the bounty of Queen Anne 
For augmenting poor livings, 
One thousand pounds. 
For the breeding up boys in navigation in Christ 
Church Hospital, one thousand pounds. 
To the charity-school of New Windsor in 
The county of Berks, 
Five hundred pounds. 
To the Corporation of Windsor, as an addition 
To the charity of Archbishop Laud, 
One thousand pounds. 
For augmenting the vicaridges of New Windsor 
And Winkfield, in the county of Berks, 
And Datchet in the county of Bucks, 
Six hundred pounds. 
Fifty pounds to the poor housekeepers of Windsor, 
And to his executors, Edward Jones, D.D. 
Canon of this church, Richard Topham, and 
Thomas Keeve, of New Windsor, Fsqrs., the sum of 
Two thousand two hundred and fifty pounds, 
To be by them employed in such charities 
As they should think most 
For the honour of God 
And the good of 
Mankind. 
This monument was erected by the care and direction of the above- 
named executors, and the said sum of two thousand two hundred and 
fifty pounds hath been by them applied to the following uses ; to the 
incurables of Bethlem Hospital the sum of one thousand pounds; for 
providing linen and other relief for the poor patients in St. Thomas's 
Hospital one thousand pounds ; and for making the addition to Arch- 
bishop Laud's charity more effectual two hundred and fifty pounds. 



MONUMENTS. 23 

Near the preceding- in a similar recess, a pyramidal stab of 
black marble, surmounted by the family arms and crest neatly 
sculptured in alto relievo, bears the following inscription : — 

Here lies interred the body of Mr. William Wade, who was re- 
markable for his benevolence and truly christian temper. He received 
his first education at Westminster School, from whence he was elected 
to Trinity College in Cambridge, of which Society he afterwards 
became a Fellow r , and iu the year 1720 was constituted one of the 
Canons of this Koyal Chapel. He had learning and abilities that 
might have raised him to the highest station in the church, but such 
was his modesty and the meekness of h?s mind, that he chose rather 
to devote himself to the practice of all social virtues in private life. 
He died at Bath the 1st day of February, 1732, in the 62dyear of his 
age. His most affectionate brother, Lieutenant-General George 
Wade, erected this monument to his memory. 

Near the north-east door is a tablet to the memory of Ann, 
wife of the Hon. Robert Brudenell and daughter of Sir Cecil 
Bishopp, who died October 1, 1803, aged 75. It was erected 
by Robert and Augusta, two of her children, and thus records, 
iu scriptural paraphrase, the truly Christian virtues of their 
parent : — 

When the ear heard her, then it blessed her, when the eye saw her 
it gave witness to her, because she delivered the poor that cried, and 
the fatherless that had none to help him ; the blessing of him that 
was ready to perish came upon her, and she caused the widow's heart 
to sing for joy. 

On the south side is a similar tablet to the memory of Major 
General Brudenell, one of the sons of the Earl of Cardigan, 
who was Lieutenant-governor of Windsor Castle under his 
brother the Duke of Montague ; he died October 20, 1768. 
It is inscribed with the dates of his birth, marriage, and de- 
cease, to which these lines are appended : — - 
The propriety of his conduct 
Did honour to his noble birth, 
And recommended him to the royal favour, 
Which is graciously continued to his children. 
In his nature he was amiable, social, and friendly, 
Of universal beuevoience and singular 
Sincerity. 
Grateful and brave, 
He was an ornament to the court and army. 
How much he was beloved let the tears of his friends, 
The concern of all that knew him, 
Let his widow's sorrows, 
Attest. 
She, unable to pour forth her grief, 
Hath laid it up in her heart together with the 
Remembrance of her ever-honoured husband. 
And to his loved memory she devotes this 
Tablet. 



24 ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL. 

LINCOLN CHAPKL. 

At the east end of the south aisle is the burial-place of the 
Earl of Lincoln, Lord High Admiral of England for thirty 
years during- the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and an eminent 
statesman and councillor of Henry VIII. and Edward VI. 
He died January 16, 1584, and his Countess erected a monu- 
ment to his memory, beneath which, ou her subsequent de- 
cease, she was also interred. Their effigies are represented 
lying- prostrate on the tomb upon a mat curiously wrought, the 
earl caparisoned in armour and his lady in her robes of state ; 
his feet rest upon a greyhound, who has a small chain affixed 
to his collar, and a monkey is beneath those of the countess. 
On the sides of the monument, their eight children, five sons 
and three daughters, are sculptured in bas-relief, kneeling- on 
cushions. The Duke of Newcastle, who, before his accession 
to that title, was Earl of Lincoln, had the tomb completely 
repaired in 1789 ; and in 1795, Sir Henry Clinton, Bart, was 
buried beneath it. On the west side of the chapel the family 
arms are carved in alabaster, richly emblazoned. Richard 
Beauchamp, Bishop of Salisbury and first Chancellor of the 
order of the Garter, is likewise buried in this part of the aisle. 
The centre stone of the arch of the roof is carved with the figures 
of the bishop and Edward IV. kneeling on each side a crucifix. 
In an arch opposite to his tomb, a breviary of the Catholic 
church was deposited by his order for the service of both the 
clergy and laity •, its place is now supplied by a folio black 
letter bible, fastened by a brass chain to a ring let into the stone, 
but the original subscription still remains ; it is in the Old 
English character : — 

Who leyde thys booke here ? The Reuerend ffader in God, Richard 
Beauchamp, bisschop of thys Dyocesse of Sarysbury. And whenor? 
to thys entent, that Preestis and Ministers of Goddis Churche may 
here have the occupacion thereof. seyjing therein theyr divvne ser- 
vyse, and for all othir that lystyn to sey thereby ther devocyon. 
Askyth he any spuall mede? yee, as niouche as our Lord 1> st to reward 
hyn\ for hys good entent; praying eury man wos duty or devoc\on 
is eased by thys booke, they noli sey tor hym thys comun, oryson, 
Due Jhu Xye, knelyng in the presence of thys holy Crosse, for the 
whycethe Keuerend ffader in God aboueseyd hathe graunted of the 
tresure of the church to euy man xl dayys of pardun. 

Near this is a large flat grave-stone bearing only the inscrip- 
tion Henry VI. The remains of this monarch were removed 
hither from Chertsey Abbey, where they were first interred, 
by command of Henry VII. The circumstance of the same 
roof sheltering the remains both of this prince and his sucecss- 
ful rival Edward IV. has furnished a fruitful theme for the 
poet and the moralist ; Pope, in his Windsor Forest, allude* 
to it in the following elegant lines: — 



THE SOUTH AISLE. 25 

" Let softest strains ill-fated Henry mourn, 
And palms eternal flourish round his urn. 
Here o'er th- j martyr khiis the marble weeps, 
And, fast beside him, once-feared Edward sleeps; 
Whom not extended Albion could contain, 
From old Bolerium to the German main, 
The grave unites, where e'en the great find rest, 
-And blended Lie th* oppressor and th' opprest." 
A short distance to the west is a black marble grave-stone, 
engraved with a ducal coronet and coat of arms and inscribed 
Charles Brandon. This nobleman was Duke of Suffolk in 
the reign of Henry VIII., whose sister Mary, Queen Dowager 
of France, he married ; he was interred here in 1545 at the 
expense of that monarch, by whom he was much esteemed. 

OXENBRIDGE CHAPEL. 

A small chantry lower down in the aisle was erected in 1522 
by one of the canons of the chapel, named Oxenbridge. It 
was dedicated to St. John the Baptist and is ornamented with 
a curious painting-, divided into three compartments, repre- 
senting- that prophet preaching' in the wilderness, his head 
being delivered to the daughter of Herodias, and its present- 
ation to Herod ; the colouring is extremely vivid, and the 
figures being habited in the court costume of Henry VIII. give 
additional interest to this curious embellishment. Over the 
door are several escallop shells, a lion rampant, and a rebus 
of the founder's name, formed by an ox, the letter N, and a 
bridge. Between the two adjoining piers of the choir is a 
stone screen that formerly divided TJrswick Chapel from the 
nave, but which was removed to its present situation when that 
part of the edifice was appropriated to receive the cenotaph of 
the Princess Charlotte. Dr. TJrswick was frequently employed 
by Henry VII. on important foreign embassies, which he exe 
cuted so successfully that the highest ecclesiastical honours 
were offered him ; preferring a private life, however, he re- 
signed all his offices in 1505, and retired to Hackney, where 
he died in 1521. The arms of Henry VII. are upon the screen 
with a Latin inscription, thus translated : — 

Pray for the souls of King Henry VII. and Christofyr Urswick, 
sometime Lord Almoner to the King and Dean of this Chapel. Hail 
Mary! and blessed be thy holy mother Anne, from whom thy most 
pure virgin flesh issued without stain ! Amen. God have mercy on 
the souls of King Harry the Seventh, and Crystofer Urswick, and all 
Christian souls ! Amen. O God, who by thy only begotten son didst 
redeem mankind, being incarnate of the virgin womb and having 
suffered death, deliver, we beseech thee, the souls of Henry VII. and 
Chrystofyr, and all those whom Chrystofyr offended during life, from 
eternal death, and bring them to eternal life! Amen. God have 
mercy. 

£ 



26 ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL. 

ALDWORTH CHAPEL. 

Nearly opposite the preceding- is a small chantry called 
Aldworth Chapel, from several of that family being- interred 
here, hut generally supposed to have been built by Dr. Oliver 
King-, Bishop 'of Bath and Wells, and Registrar of the order 
of the Garter, whose remains are deposited beneath a small 
altar monument. There are two g-rave-stones to the memory 
of another branch of the family deserving- notice *, the first, in 
point of date, has the figure of a child sleeping- on a couch, 
engraved on brass, with the annexed inscription : — 
Here lies a model! of frail man, 
A tender infant, but a span 
In age or stature ; here shee must 
Lengthen out both, bedded in dust. 
Mne moneths imprison'd in ye wornbe 
Eight on earth's surface free ; ye tonibe 
Must make complete her diarie, 
So leave her to aeternitie. 
On a brass rim round the outside of the slab is inscribed : — 
Dorothe King, lent to her parents, John King, Dr. of Divinitie, 
Praebeudarie of this Chapell, and Marie his wife, but speedile re- 
quir'd againe, October IS, 1630. 

The second slab has the family arms above the inscription, 
and a sleeping- infant on a couch similar to the one already- 
described engraven beneath it j the following are the lines : — 
Here the sad parents' second sumons lies, 
Withdrawn, to draw from earth to paradise 
Their stooping thoughts; hee hasten'd to repay 
What they could lend, dull, macerated clay. 
To feast the worms what Heaven gave theire doth rest, 
To feast with innocents thus from the brest; 
Kavisht by death, so nere our Saviour's birth, 
To share in saints' and angels' Christmas mirth. 

The rim is inscribed, in a manner corresponding to the other — 

William King, second son to John King, Praebendarie of this 
Chappie, and Marie his wife, being soone wearie of his abode on 
earth, left them to preserve a memoriall of him, after ten weeke» 
pilgrimage, under this marble, December 22, 1633. 

The oaken pannels facing the entrance to this chantry are 
decorated witn the arms, devices, and full-length portraits of 
Edward IV., Edward V., and Henry VII., beneath which is 
a Latin inscription desiring the prayers of the reader for the 
soul of Mr. Oliver King, who filled the office of chief secretary 
to these princes. IJnder these paintings is a black marble 
tablet to the memory of William Henry, Duke of Gloucester, 
who died in 1805, Maria, his royal consort, who survived him 
two years, and the Princess Caroline Augusta Maria^ an infant 
child, who died in 1775. 



THE SOUTH AISLE. 27 

BRAY CHAPEL. 

This is near the south door, and was built in the reign of 
Henry VII. by Sir Reginald Bray, one of the knights of the 
Garter, who possessed considerable skill in architecture, and 
was also a liberal pecuniary benefactor towards enlarging- the 
body of the edifice ; his arms and crest are sculptured on an 
elegHnt stone screen dividing- the chapel from the nave. Upon 
the decease of Sir Reg-inald m 1502, his remains were deposited 
here according- to his previous directions : and, on opening- a 
vault in the year 1740, a leaden coffin of antique shape was 
discovered, which, on the supposition that it contained the 
remains of that kuight. was immediately arched over. A small 
baptismal font stands m the centre of this chapel, which con- 
tains also several monuments \ that of Dr. Brideoak, who wag 
created Dean of Salisbury and afterwards Bishopof Chichester 
by Charles II. is ornamented with a whole-length fig*ureof the 

E relate in his episcopal robes, crowned with a mitre and having- 
is crosier by his side. A Latin inscription describes his many- 
virtues and the sufferings he endured after the banishment of 
the Stuart family ; an epidemic fever having broken out, he 
contracted the distemper by visiting the sick regardless of his 
own safety, which terminated his life in the year 1678, aged 64. 
The next in point of decoration is that of Dr. Giles Thomson, 
Bishop of Gloucester, to which diocese he was promoted by- 
James II. •, it is ornamented with a bust of the prelate coloured 
after life, and has a Latin inscription recording his learning 
and beneficence ; he died June 11, 1682, aged 59. The tomb 
of Sir Richard Wortley, who died in 1603, is supported by two 
marble pillars encompassed with foliage ; an inscription in the 
Latin language eulogises his character, declaring him to have 
been deservedly esteemed by all ranks and classes. A neat 
altar monument of grey marble is erected to the memory of 
William Fitz-Williams, and an epitaph, engraved on a plate 
of copper at the back, ascribes to him the noble union of wealth 
and honour, beautv of form and grace of mind j he died the 
13th of October, 1759.* 

* There are also tablets in remembrance of Dr. Jones, Bishop of 
Kildare, who died in 1804 ; Dr. Lockman, Canon of Windsor, who 
died December 26, 1807, aged 87 ; the Uev. Mr. Hallam, also a Canon 
of the Chapel, who died September 7, 1821, aged 83; Baron Clot- 
worthy, Lord Langford, ob. September 13, 1825, aged 61 ; and Mr. 
Henry Emlyn, F.S.A., an eminent architect under whose superin- 
tendence the last general repair of the chapel was conducted, and 
who died December 10, 1815, aged 86. Beneath a black marble 
grave-stone are interred the learned Dr. Waterland and his lady, the 
former of whom died in 1740 and his relict in 1761. Several grave- 
stones in the aisles and chapels are necessarily omitted, as containing 
raerelv the name and age of the deceased. 

s 2 • 



28 ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL. 

BEAUFORT CHAPEL. 

This chapel, dedicated to the Virgiii Mary, is situated at 
the west end of the south aisle, and contains the remains of 
several members of this illustrious family ; there are two monu- 
ments here deserving- the attention of the curious, one for its 
antiquity and the other for its elaborate workmanship. The 
first is to the memory of Sir Charles Somerset, created a knight 
banneret of the Garter by Henry VII . and afterwards ennobled 
as Earl of Worcester, and his lady Elizabeth, daughter of the 
Earl of Huntingdon. The figure of the earl is recumbent on 
the tomb, habited in the robes of the order, and his head retting 
on a helmet, with his countess beside him attired in her state 
apparel. On the back of the tomb, two angels are represented 
weeping, and a third displays the family arms encircled by the 
garter. The whole is inclosed within a screen of massive brass 
work gilt, but has no inscription.. The other monument is to 
the memory of Henry Somerset, Marquis of Worcester, after- 
wards Dulte of Beaufort, and created knight of the Gart( r by 
Charles II. Its appearance is very magnificent, being erected 
with white marble; columns of the Corinthian order, whose 
shafts are entwined with wreaths of flowers, support the upper 
part of the monument ; above each of these rises an urn decked 
with wreaths of cypress, between which is the family coat of 
arms surmounted by a coronet. In front a figure of the duke 
reclines on a cushion, habited in his robes of state, which are 
sculptured with great correctness; curtains are disposed in 
tasteful drapery on each side of the columns, while, in the back- 
ground, two angels are holding a crown and palm-branch, 
surrounded by several cherubs. Below the effigy of the duke, 
St. George is represented killing the drao-on, and on each side 
of the monument are the statues of Justice and Fortitude with 
their respective attributes. A Latin inscription on the base 
describes at great length his titles, offices, and virtues ; he died 
January 21, 16P9, aged 70. There isalso amarble tablet fixed 
to the wall, recording that the Duke of Beaufort repaired 

This chapel (belonging to his ancestors) wherein lie buried not only 
the bodies of those whose tombs are erected, but likewise (bat of 
Henry, late Marquis of Worcester, his grandfather, so eminent for 
the great supplies of men and money afforded to his sovereign King 
Charles the Martyr, whose cause he espoused, and for keeping lug 
castle of Kheglan with a strong garrison at his own expense, until it 
became the last but one in England and Wales that held out ag;iinst 
the rebels, and then not yielding it until after a long siem- to Lord 
Fairfax, generalissimo of the Parliament forces; in revenge of which 
obstinacy 'as they termed it) it was demolished, and all the woods 
and parks which were vast, cut down and destroyed, and his estate 
sold by order of tie then rebellious Parliament, to the great damage 
of himself and posterity. 



THE NORTH AISLE. 29 

THE CENOTAPH 
OF H. R. H. THE PRINCESS CHARLOTTE. 

It is unnecessary here to advert to the deep grief in which 
the decease of the Princess Charlotte involved the whole of the 
kingdom 5 and even when time had in some measure allayed the 
sorrow that was so universally felt, the recollection of her many 
virtues, public and private, was fondly cherished as affording* 
a bright example for future generations. From the metropolis 
of the empire to the remotest district under the sway of the 
British sceptre, the wish to erect a national tribute to the 
memory of her worth pervaded every class of society, and a 
subscription to carry this purpose into effect was speedily filled, 
and placed under the control of a highly respectable committee 
of management j a number of designs were submitted to their 
notice, and a monumental -groupe in marble by Mr. Wyatt was 
ultimately approved. The majestic edifice beneath which the 
remains of the illustrious deceased had been deposited was very 
appropriately selected to contain the cenotaph, and Urswick 
Chapel, opposite the burial-place of the Beaufort family, 
having been prepared for its reception, it was opened for 
public view in the spring of 1826, The subject is divided into 
two compartments 5 in the lower one, the body of the deceased 
Princess is represented lying on a bier, immediately after the 
departure of the immortal spirit from its earthly tenement ; 
it is covered with drapery, the lower part of the right hand 
being alone visible, but the outline of the figure is admirably 
preserved. At each corner is an attendant female absorbed 
in the deepest despondency and sorrow. The apotheosis of 
the Princess forms the second division of the subject 5 her spirit 
is ascending from a mausoleum, which forms the background, 
supported by two angels, one of whom bears her infant child. 
The whole is surmounted by a canopy of richly-wrought and 
gilded work, on which the arms of Great Britain and those of 
the house of Saxe-Cobourg are beautifully emblazoned in re- 
lievo. In the upper division of the windows at the back of 
the cenotaph, St. Peter and five other apostles are painted in 
various tints ; and an additional effect is produced by the light 
being thrown upon the marble through two side windows, 
painted in orange, and purple colours. A neat brass railing 
divides it from the nave, the ancient stone screen having been 
removed to the south aisle. Such is the outline of the last 
tribute paid by a sorrowing country to the memory of this 
much-esteemed Princess*, viewed as a work of art, the design 
is, perhaps, objectionable on account of its twofold nature, 
but its execution, especially in the ascending figure which is 
an excellent likeness, reflects great credit on the abilities of 
the sculptor. 



30 ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL. 

RUTLAND CHAPEL. 

This chapel is in the centre of the north aisle, and contains 
several monuments worthy of note. The larg-est of them is a 
tomb to the memory of Sir Georg-e Manners, Lord Roos, who 
died October 23, 1513, and Lady Anne, his wife, niece to 
Edward IV. , who survived her husband nearly thirteen years. 
Their effigies are represented at full length in recumbent po- 
sitions, Sir George clad in armour and his lady habited in ner 
robes ; the head of the former rests upon a helmet, an unicorn 
lying- couchant at his feet ; that of his lady is upon a cushion 
supported by two ang-els. Their sons and daug-hters are sculp- 
tured in relievo on each side of the tomb, and at the end, the 
family arms are displayed by cherubim. Attached to the north 
wall is another memorial of this family \ it is a brass plate gfilt, 
engraven with the figures of Sir Thomas Syllingferand his lady 
Anne, mother of the Lady Anne Manners, whose monument is 
described above ; they are represented before a crucifix per- 
forming" their devotions, with the following" inscription : — 

Within thys chapel lyeth buried Anne Duchess of Exeter, syster 
to the noble King fcuiward the Fourth ; and also Sir Thomas Syllinger 
knyght, her husband, who hath founded wythynthys college a chantrie 
with two prests singing for evermore; on whose soul Cod have mercy. 
The which Anne, Duchess, died in the year of our Lord a thousand 
cccclxxv, the dominical letter D, primum s, xiii day of January. 

Near this is a brass plate to the memory of Dr. Robert 
IJoneywood, Canon of Windsor, who died in 1522 ; he is repre- 
sented kneeling- before the Virg-in Mary, who has the infant 
Saviour in her lap, and St. Catherine standing- behind him. — 
A neat marble tablet on the east side of this chapel is erected to 
Major Packe, who terminated a life distinguished for its manly 
virtues on the celebrated field of Waterloo. A well-executed 
bas-relief represents the gallant officer supported by one of his 
men after having" received the fatal wound, beneath which is 
inscribed — 

To the memory 

Of "Robert Christopher Packe, Esquire, 

Second son of Charles James Packe, Esquire, 

Of Prestwold, Lancashire, 

And Major in the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards Blue, 

Who was killed at the head of his squadron, 

When charging ihe French cuirassiers at the ever 

Memorable battle of Waterloo, on the 18th June, 1815, 

In the xxxiiid year of his age. 

This monument was erected by the officers of the regiment, 

In which he had served more than fifteen years, 

In testimony of their high veneration lor 

His distinguished militaiy merit, 

And of their sincere regret for the loss of a companion 

to long endeared to their affections by bit 

Amiable manncri and private virtues. 



THE NORTH AISLE. 31 

A tablet records the burial-place of Dr. Theodore Aylvvard, 
Gresham Professor of music and organist of the chapel, who 
died February 27, 1801, aged 70 ; the following lines are in- 
scribed to his* memory by the poet Hayley : — 

Aylward, adieu ! my pleasing, gentle friend, 

Regret and honour on thy grave attend ; 

Thy rapid hand harmonious skill possest, 

And moral harmony enrich'd thy breast ; 

For Heaven most freely to thy life assign'd 

Benevolence, the music of the mind ; 

Mild as thy nature, all thy mortal scene; 

Thy death was easy, and thy lite serene. 

On the west side of the chapel are three tablets, one recording 
that it was erected by 

Frederick, Duke of York-sad Albany, to the memory of General 
Jacob de Bude, as a tribute of his sincere affection and regard for a 
tried and attached friend, and to mark his grateful sense of long and 
faithful services. General de Bude was born at Geneva and died at 
Windsor Castle on the 30th of October, 1S18, aged S2 : his remains 
are deposited in this cathedral. 

The adjoining one is to the memory of Lieutenant-Colonel 
John Waiwyn Beattie, K.C.B. and Major in the 7th Royal 
Fusiliers, who died at Windsor, July 2, 1823 ; the third is to 
the memory of Major Thomas Stephenson Fairtlough of the 
63d Infantry, who died November 13, 1826, aged 32. 

HASTINGS CHAPEL. 

The only chantry that remains to be described is in the aisle 
on the north side of the choir ; it was built by Elizabeth, wife 
of William, Lord Hastings, who was chamberlain and master 
of the mint to Edward IV. and was subsequently beheaded by 
order of Richard III . It occupies the entire interval in breadtn 
between two piers of the choir, and consists of an open screen 
with a doorway into the aisle ; the roof is groined and the sides 
ornamented with statues of saints, under which some angels 
are displaying the family arms The chapel is dedicated to 
St. Stephen, four incidents of whose life are delineated in a 
painting on the wall *, the first represents that saint preaching 
to the people, in the second he is pleading before the tribunal 
of Herod, a third displays his martyrdom by the infuriated 
Jews, and the fourth his body lying on the ground, above which 
is his beatification. On the foreground is inscribed in the Latin 
language, " He dies in the Lord by whom eternal life is given," 
and under each compartment of the painting* is a scriptural 
quotation. This chantry completes the circuit of the chapel, 
the north-eastern door opening into the Great Cloisters, pre- 
viously described. 



32 COLLEGE OF ST. GEORGE. 

It would be foreign to the purpose of the present work to 
give a detailed history of the College of St. George. It was 
incorporated by Edward III. soon after the institution of the 
order of the Garter and was endowed with many valuable and 
peculiar privileges, which were confirmed by subsequent sove- 
reigns ; several manors were assigned to it as a source of revenue 
and the new foundation speedily assumed a distinguished rank 
among the ecclesiastical establishments of the country. In 
1353, one of the magistrates of Yarmouth having been mur- 
dered in a fray, the bailiffs and commonalty of that borough 
granted to the College of St. George, as a penance for the 
offence, a last of red herrings. At the Reformation the College 
sustained considerable loss, an annual revenue of one thousand 
marks arising from the hospital of St. Anthony in London, and 
the offerings at Sir John Shorne's shrine at Northmaston in 
Buckinghamshire, estimated at £500 per annum, being appro- 
priated to the Crown. Edward VI. and Queen Elizabeth mode 
additional gifts of land, at which period the statutes were con- 
solidated and arranged nearly as they remain at the present 
time. The establishment consists of a dean, twelve canons, 
seven minor canons, thirteen lay-clerks, of whom the organist 
is one, and ten choristers : there are also a steward, treasurer, 
steward of the courts, chapter-clerk, chanter, verger, two 
sextons, two bell-ringers, a closet-keeper, and a porter. The 
Rev. William Mugge was appointed the first custos by letters 
patent, dated August 6, 1348, 22d Edward III. ; but the Rev. 
Thomas Kingestone was the first who bore the title of dean, 
in 1412, 13th Henry IV. The chapter-house stands at the 
north-east end of St. George's Chapel ; it is ornamented with 
a whole-length portrait of Edward III. in his robes of state, 
holding a sword on which the crowns of France and Scotland 
are displayed, in allusion to the victories achieved over those 
kingdoms by that warlike monarch. Round the frame is a 
Latin inscription to the following import: — " Edward the 
Third, the unconquered King of England, founder of this 
chapel and the most noble order of the Garter." On one side 
of the portrait is the two-handed sword of this sovereign, six 
feet nine inches in length. 

Connected also with the College of St. George is the insti- 
tution known by the name of the Poor Knights. Edward III ., 
from that high sense of chivalrous honour which formed so 
distinguishing a feature in his character, founded an establish- 
ment for twenty-four knights, whose circumstances had become 
reduced ; they were then called " milites pauperes," but their 
subsequent title has been Poor Knights of Windsor. By the 
charter of incorporation, they were united with the Dean and 
Canons of the chapel, but in consequence of differences between 



THE ORDER OF THE GARTER. 33 

the respective parties, an act passed in the reign of Edward IV., 
rendering them separate bodies. From this time their numbers 
decreased, no funds haying- hern assigned for their support, 
until Edward VI., as executor of his father's will, vested £600 
per annum for the support of a new establishment for thirteen 
poor knights. Houses were built for them in the succeeding 
reign, and Queen Elizabeth continued all former grants^ and 
caused a code of regulations to be drawn up for the government 
of the institution . Sir Peter le Maire, in the reigffl of James I ., 
bestowed lands to the amount of £230 per annum for providing 
dwelling-houses and funds for five additional poor knights, and 
the number has not since been altered. Their habit is a red 
gown, with a mantle of blue cloth, embroidered on the left 
shoulder with the cross of St. George, in which dress they 
daily attend Divine Serviceut the collegiate chapel : the Naval 
Knights wear the uniform of their rank. 

The (i most honourable and noble order of the Garter." as 
it is justly termed in the ritual of the collegiate chapel, was 
founded by Edward III. ; but the particular circumstances 
that gave rise to it are involved in mystery. The very motto 
of the order has caused much antiquarian research, but without 
elucidating any satisfactory data from which its origin can be 
ascertained. The first installation took place in the chapel of 
the order, on St. George's Day, 1349 : this saint was chosen 
as the more immediate patron of this knightly institution, but 
at the ceremonial, Edward III. directed an invocation to be 
addressed to the Virgin Mary and the Holy Trinity, beseeching 
them " to animate by their inspiring' influence, and preserve 
by their efficacious power, his illustrious confraternity." The 
number of knights was limited to twenty -five with the sovereign 
and continued thus until 1786, when the number of his late 
Majesty's sons, tending to restrict this honourable distinction, 
it was ordered that the princes of the blood-royal should rank 
as knight-companions without reference to the primitive num- 
ber. The insignia of the order, consists of the garter, mantle, 
surcoat, hood, star, George, and collar, the two latter being 
added by Henry VIII. The officers of the order are the pre- 
late, who is always Bishop of Winchester ; the chancellor, 
Bishop of Salisbury; registrar, Dean of Windsor ; Garter king- 
at-arms :, and the usher of the Black Rod. No installation 
has taken place since April, 180,5. 



34 



CHAP. IV. 
THE LOWER WARD. 

The Lower Ward of the Castle is far more extensive than 
the Upper, and includes within its circuit the following 1 tow- 
ers : — Winchester, at present the residence of Jeffevy Wyat- 
ville, Esq., forms the western end of the north terrace ; it was 
originally built by William de Wykeham, and is spoken of 
by several of the early historians of Windsor, among- whom 
Norden, surveyor of the woods to James I., describes it as 
" a rounde towre, costelie raysed vpon an artificial mount 
verie auntient. 1 ' — Store Tower, otherwise called the Lieu- 
tenant's, from its being- occasionally occupied by that officer, 
is nearly opposite the deanery, and presents a venerable and 
pleasing- appearance from the profusion of ivy with which it 
is mantled. — The towers flanking- the entrance-gateway, con- 
taining- a guard-chamber for the detachment of military who 
do duty at the Castle and apartments for the comniaii(>iug 
officer ; — Salisbury, the residence of tiie bishop of that dio- 
cese, as chancellor of the order of the Garter; — GarUr, a 
small tower on the west-front ;■ — and Julius Caesar's, an an- 
cient and irreg-ularly-built tower on the north-west angle, 
now more g-enerally termed the Belfry Tower, from its con- 
taining a peal of eig-ht fine-toned bells ; a set of chimes also 
play every three hours. 

The ward is devided by St. George's Chapel, on the north 
of which are the residences of the ecclesiastical officers of the 
establishment, and on the south and west, those of the poor 
knights. Those on the royal foundation reside on the right 
of the entrance gateway,* a low square tower, called Garter- 
hall, dividing them ; the buildings on the west are occupied 
by the knights on the foundation of Sir Peter le Maire. The 

* At the foot of the hill, a short distance to the south of this en- 
trance, is a stone archway, with the inscription, " Elizabethan Re- 
ginse, xiii, L'72." This gate, as late as the period of the Revolution, 
was a principal entrance of the Castle, the road-way within it being 
battlemented and running parallel with the moat ; but when the lat- 
ter was filled up, and the ground levelled and converted into a lawn, 
several dwelling-houses were erected on this part of the hill. Dm ing 
the progress of the improvements, these have been pulled down, and 
a still further opening will shortly be effected by the demolition of 
the houses on the north side of Castle-street. 



THE LOWER WARD. 35 

residences of the minor canons and lay clerks are at the west 
end of St. George's Chaple; the first dwellings on this site 
were built by Edward IV. in the shape of a fetter-lock, one 
of his royal badges, and are now commonly denominated 
" The Horse-shoe Cloisters." Near the north transept of the 
chapel is an entrance-door and embattled wall, with vacant 
niches, belonging to a building- called the New Commons ; 
over the door is the following inscription in raised letters : — 
<c _Edes pro sacellanorum choristarnm conviviis extructa, 
AD. 1579. It was erected by Dr. James Denton, Canon 
of Windsor, for the use of the stipendiary priests aid choris- 
ters, who had no place assigned to tbem in the College to keep 
their commons, and was titted up by him with culinary ap- 
paratus : it is now attached to a dwelling'-house. 

A vaulted passage forms an entrance to the Great Cloisters, 
in which are several memorials'* of deceased poor knights 5 
upon the north side, on a plate of copper let into the wall, is 
the annexed inscription : — 

Near this jftace lyeth the body of Captain Richard Vaughan, of 
Pantglass in the county of Caernarvon, who behaved himselfe with 
great courage in the service of King Charles the First (of ever blessed 
, memory) in the civill warrs, and therin lost his sight by a shott in 
recompence whereof he was, in July 1663, made one of the Poor 
Knights of this place, and died the the 5th day of June, anno Domini 
1T00, in the SOth yeare of his age. 

A stone bench runs round three sides of these cloisters, the 
inner front of which is formed by pointed arches, devided at 
the top by Gothic tracery into four compartments ; some of 
these are ornamented with quatrefoils. Near the east door 
of the chapel is a tablet to the memory of the late venerable 
Sir Isaac Heard, Garter King at Arms, and on the west side 
of the passage leading to the Castle-hill is the following me- 
morial : — 

King George III. 

Caused to be interred 

Near this place the body of 

Mary Gascoin, 

Servant to the late Princess Amelia, 

And this tablet to be erected, 

In testimony of 

His grateful sense of 

The faithful service 

And attachment of 

An amiable yonng woman 

To his beloved daughter, 

Whom she survived only three months ; 

She died the 19th of February, 1811, 

Aged 31 years. 

P 2 



c 



36 THE HUNDRED STEPS. 

On the north of the Great Cloisters is a passage leading to 
the Inner C T eh are inhabited by the prebendaries 

of the College : the library consisting principally of ecclesi- 
astical writers and some of the earlier English classics, is in 
these cloisters. From the north side there is a communication 
with the lower part of the town by u The Hundred Steps," 
a descent of eighteen stone stairs in the Castle wall, at the 
foot, of which is ;i postern gate, studded with iron bolts, 
opening upon a small platform, whence a flight of 122 steps 
winds along the brow of a hill •, this entrance is only open from 
sunrise till sunset. 

At the east end of St. George's Chapel is a stone building, 
now known by the name of the Royal Dormitory or Tomb- 
house, which was erected by Henry VII., as a burial-place 
for himself and his successors. Upon his subsequent deter- 
mination to erect a. chapel at Westminister Abbey for the same 
purpose, this building remained neglected until Cardinal 
iVbfsey obtained a grant of it from Henry VIII. With the 
same liberality and profusion of expense, which marked 
all the public and private acts of this then great favourite's 
life, he began to prepare it as a receptacle for his re- 
mains; but, upon his disgrace, this, with his other grants, 
again reverted to the Crown. 

"Charles I. intended to fit up the structure as a roval 
mausoleum, but the overwhelming troubles of his reign 
interposed, and in. 1646 it was plundered by the republican 
army. On the accession of James II., that monarch had it 
converted into a chapel for the celebration of the Roman 
Catholic relig'ion, and Verrio was employed to execute a 
richly ornamented ceiling; but, in a popular commotion 
that soon after ensued, caused by the king publicly enter- 
taining the Pope's nuncio, the windows and the internal 
decorations were destroyed. It thus remained till the reign 
of his late Majesty, when it was determined to construct 
a royal cemetery beneath it ; for this purpose, an excava- 
tion was made in the strata of chalk forming the foundation 
to the depth of fifteen feet, and corresponding in length and 
width with the dimensions of the building. On each side are 
the receptacles for the bodies, formed by Gothic octagon- 
shaped columns, supporting a range of four shelves. There 
are five niches at the east end for the reception of coffins, and 
twelve low tombs are erected in the centre of the mausoleum 
to receive the remains of the sovereigns. The entrance is in 
the choir of St. George's Chapel, from which a subter- 
raneous passage leads to this solemn resting-place for the 
illustrious deceased. 



THE TOMB-HOUSE. 



37 



The following" royal personages have been here in- 
terred : — 



Title. 


Died at 


Buried on 


Princess Amelia - - 


Windsor - - - 


November 14, 1S10. 


Princess Charlotte - 


Claremont - - 


November 19, 1817. 


Queen Charlotte - - 


Rew 


December 2, 1818. 


Duke of Kent - - - 


hidmouth - - 


February 12, 1820. 


George III, 


Windsor - - - 


February 16, 1820. 


Duke of York - - - 


London 


January 20, 1827. 



The bodies of the infant princes, Octavius and Alfred, 
were also removed hither from Westminster Abbey. 



38 

CHAP. V. 

THE ROUND TOWER. 

Between the two wards of the Castle stands the Keep or 
Round Tower, which is built on the summit of a lofty arti- 
ficial mount, and was anciently surrounded by a fosse, now 
in part filled up, and the remainder converted into a shrub- 
bery and garden. This stately structure, is the residence of 
the governor or constable of the Castle, an office vested with 
very extensive authority, both military and civil \ a lieu- 
tenant-governor, whose apartments were formerly in Store 
Tower, possesses an equal jurisdiction during his absence. 
The custody of all distinguished state prisoners was confided 
to his care, a duty which occasionally involved g*reat re- 
sposibility j during the reign of Edward III., John, King of 
France, and David, King of Scotland, captives of the Black 
Prince and the intrepid Queen Philippa, jointly shared the 
sorrows of confinement within these walls. The Earl of 
Surrey, so distinguished for his love of polite literature, was 
also subjected, for some trifling violation of the ecclesiastical 
canons during Lent, to a rigorous imprisonment within, to 
use his own phrase, " the mayden's tower."* The Long 
Parliament and Oiliver Cromwell, frequently confined seve- 
ral of the royalist party within these walls : among- whom 
the Earls of Lauderdale and Lindsay suffered captivity for 
several years, and were not released till the Restoration. 
The Mareschal de Belleisle, who was taken prisoner during 
the German wars in the reign of George II., was the last 
individual confined here. The first governor of the Keep 
was Walter Fitz-Other, ancestor of the Earls of Plymouth, 
who was one of the knights of William the Conqueror, and 
was appointed by him to this office, with the title of castellan, 
since which that noble family have prefixed " De Windsor" 
to their other titles. The situation has been filled by a 
number of distinguished individuals, and is now held by the 
Earl of Harrington. 

The maiden tower, was a name common to castles at that period, 
and signified the principal tower; the word is a corruption of the 
old French mayne, great. Maidenhead, a small corporate town on 
the bank of the Thames, about five miles from Windsor, derives its 
name from the same source ; its proper title, " Maydenhithe," signi- 
fying a great port or wharf on the river. 



ENTRANCE OF THE ROTTND TOWER. 39 

A flight of 100 steps, at the summit of which a piece of 
ordnance is let into the wall, commanding the whole range 
of the staircase, forms the ascent to the main body of the 
building. At the top of these, an arched g-ate way leads into 
the principal apartments of the Tower, and at the sides are 
posterns opening upon a curtain battery mounted with seven- 
teen pieces of cannon, being the only part of the castle thus 
fortified. The entrance is through a square paved court con- 
taining a reservoir, formed in the reign of Charles II., to 
receive the rain-water from the upper leads. In 1754, an 
engine was also erected here for raising water upwards of 
370 feet : the contrivance was extremely simple, but it has 
not effected the desired purpose. 

A staircase opening into the court-yard communicates with 
the battlemeuts of the tower, where a view of great extent, and 
replete with variety aiid beauty is represented. The wind- 
ing of the Thames among the level country, with the succes- 
sion of villages, mansions, and detached farm-houses, the 
luxuriant landscape of the Parks and Forest, the bird's-eye 
view of the town, and the far-stretching extent of prospect 
over the the more distant hills and counties, combining to form 
a panorama almost unequalled for its magnificence and beauty . 
Aboard attached to one of the battlements enumerates the 
following tw r elve counties as visible on a clear day — Middle- 
sex, Essex, Hertford, Bucks, Berks, Wilts Oxford, Hants, 
Kent, Surrey, Sussex, and Bedford. Whenever his Majesty 
is residing at Windsor, the royal standard is desplayed from 
a flag-staff on the leads of the tower ; its demensions are eight 
yards in breadth by fourteen in length. In the absence of 
the King, should the Governor be residing- at the Castle, 
the union jack, nine yards by six, is hoisted. 



40 



CHAP. VI. 



THE UPPER WARD. 

The only public entrance at present to the Upper Ward is 
tinder a portcullised archway, near the entrance of the Round 
Tower, flanked by two low towers, one of which is crowned 
by a dome. On the south side of the gateway is the residence 
of the Hon. Georgiana Townsend, and immediately opposite, 
is the part of the edifice occupied by Queen Elizabeth and 
James I., its projecting bay windows and style of architecture 
curiously contrasting with the pure Gothic of the surrounding 
parts A postern gate communicates with the north terrace 
and forms the present entrance for strangers ; but a new one 
has been recently made on the east side of Winchester Tower, 
affording a much finer opening to the extensive view presented 
from that celebrated spot. Previous to describing the alter- 
ations that have been made in this division of the Castle, we 
propose to conduct the visitant over that part of it to which 
the public are admitted — The State Apartments. This 
splendid suite of rooms command a most beautiful prospect and 
are enriched with a valuable collection of paintings by the first 
masters, originally made by Charles II. and considerably aug- 
mented during the late reign. Entering by a door in a small 
tower at the north-west, angle of the court-yard, a winding- 
staircase forms the ascent to the apartments, the first of which 
exhihited is 

THE QUEEN'S BALL-ROOM. 

This ceiling, witli several others in these apartments, were 
executed by Verrio shortly after the Restoration, and comprise 
a series of allegorical subjects connected with that event. In 
the present one. Mars, attended by the principal heathen 
deities, is offering an olive-branch to Charles II. as the pa- 
cificator of the globe-, Britain and Europe are represented in 
the characters of Perseus and Andromeda, ana round I 
nice are the twelve signs of the Zodiac and the Four S< asuns, 
the whole heightened with gold and presenting a very brilliant 
appearance. This room contains a valuable set of massive silver 
tab!es,s, and tripod chandeliers, with richly-chased frames to 
three Large pier glasses, part of which were presented by the 



THE STATE APARTMENTS. 41 

city of London to Charley II. and the remainder to William III. 
In the centre of the apartment is a model of the Euryalus 
frigate, constructed of teak- wood by the native shipwrights of 
Bombay, and presented to the present King- by Sir Henry 
Blackwood, K.C.B., her commander 5 it is on a large scale, 
and most accurately executed, the numerous rigging* being 
complete. The following" painting* embellish the apartment : 
Duke of Hamilton, in the reign of Charles I. Adrian Hanneman, 
The Princesses Mary, Sophia, and Amelia, when 

young Copley. 

Judith with the head of Holoferues, Guido. 

Dn chess of Richmond (as St. Agnes), Vandyck. 

Countess of Carlisle, ,, 

A Head (after Rembrandt), Gainsborough. 

Madame De St. Croix, Vandyck. 

Countess of Dorset, „ 

A Magdalen, Sir Peter Lely. 

Queen Charlotte, the present King, and Duke of 

York, when young, Ramsey. 

Earl of Pembroke in the reign of James I. Van Somer. 

THE QUEEN'S DRAWING-ROOM. 

The ceiling- represents an assembly of the heathen deities, 
interspersed with Cupids and wreaths of flowers ; a bronze 
bust of Piety is placed between the windows ; and models of a 
Chinese junk and English man-of-war ornament the west side 
of the apartment. The walls are tapestried, over which are 
hung the following pictures : — 

Henry, ICarl of Surrey, Holbein. 

The apostles Peter, James, and John, Caravaggio. 

The finding of Moses by Pharoah's daughter, Zuccherelli 
Six Italian Landscapes, „ 

Portraits of Killigrew and Carew, Vandyck* 

Portrait of Lady Venetia Digby, „ 

Portraits of De Bray and his family, De Bray, 

Pilate delivering up Christ, Schiavoni. 

THE QUEEN'S STATE BED-CHAMBER. 

This room was enlarged, in 1811 , to double its former length ; 
but its original ceiling, together with that of the apartment it 
was incorporated with, still remain •, the former is the story 
of Endymion and Diana, and the latter represents Jupiter 
offering the bow to that goddess. The state bed of Queen 
Charlotte stands at the south end of the room : the furniture 
is a most beautiful specimen of embroidered needlework, exe- 
cuted at an institution for the orphan daughters of clergymen, 
which was under the patronage of her Majesty. Between the 
windows is an antique marble figure of the infant Hercules 
strangling a serpent. The pictures are 

G 



42 THE UPPER WARD. 

A Bohemian Family, Pordenone. 

Vulcan delivering the armour of Achilles to Thetis, Antonio Balestra. 

Achilles presented to the Centaur, ,, 

Four Venetian views, Carlo Veres. 

Whole-length portrait of John Lacy the comedian, Michael Wright. 

The Continence of Scipio, -Sebastian Hied. 

Cupid and Psyche, Lazzarini. 

Singing by Candlelight, Honthorst 

A Holy Family, Carlo Cignani. 

Charity, „ 

An Italian market, Bamhoccio. 

The Campo Vaccini, „ 

The Duchess of Orleans, Spatillo. 

On the west side of the apartment, are the celebrated por- 
traits of " The beauties of Charles the Second's court j" they 
are shown in the following' order : — 

Countess of Ossory, Wissing. 

Mrs. Law son, „ 

Mrs Knott, „ 

Mrs. Middleton, Sir Peter Lely. 

Lady benham, „ 

Lady Whitmore, „ 

Lady Byron, James Huysman. 

Countess De Urammont, Sir Peter Lely. 

Countess of Rochester, „ 

Couj.tess of Northumberland, ,, 

Lady Sunderland, „ 

Duchess of Somerset, „ 

Duchess of Cleveland, „ 

Duchess of Kichmond, ,, 

Underneath these, are thirteen small portraits of other ladies 
of the court, whose names are now unknown ; they are copies 
by Russell after Vandyck and Sir Peter Lely. 

THE QUEEN'S DRESSING-ROOM. 

The history of St. Georg'e forms the subject of this ceiling. 
At the north-west corner of the apartment is a small closet ap- 
propriated to the reception of the banner annually presented 
by the Duke of Marlborough for the time being-, as the tenure 
b\ which the magnificent domain of Blenheim House and the 
parliamentary grant accompaning it are held ■, the banner is 
embroidered with gold fleur-de-lis on a white ground, and 
must be delivered on the second of August, the anniversary of 
the battle of Blenheim, before twelve at noon. The Duke of 
Wellington holds an estate and annuity unde,ra similar tenure, 
having to present a tri-coloured banner on the 18th of June 
annually, in commemoration of the battle of Waterloo; those 
hitherto received, with the exception of the one for the current 
year, which is temporarily placed in the King's Presence- 



THE STATE APARTMENTS. 43 

chamber, are also deposited in this closet. The following- por- 
traits, some of which are whole-lengths, are placed in this 
apartment : — 

Dr. Hnrd, Bishop of Gloucester, Gainsborough. 
Duchess ofMeckl en burgh Strelitz,mother of Queen 

Charlotte, Dc Woog. 

Mrs. Delany, Opie. 

Prince George of Meclenburgh StrelitB, De Woog, 

Duke of Mecklenburgh, „ 

Duchess of Mecklenburgh, ,, 

Queen Charlotte, Hopkins. 

Princess Sophia, sister of Queen Charlotte, De Woog. 

Prince Earnest, brother of ditto, „ 

Duke of Mecklenburgh, „ 

Duke and Duchess of Mecklenburgh Strelitz, „ 

THE KING'S DRESSING-ROOM. 

The legend of St. George and the dragon forms the subject 
of the ceiling, which was executed by Mr. Matthew Wyatt ; 
above the cornice are several medallions, represent ing various 
achievements of that renowned champion of Enlgand. The 
wails are hung' with scarlet cloth, relieved with gold mould- 
ings, and the apartment contains a hig-hly valuable collection 
of cabinet paintings: two curious figures in porcelain are placed 
upon the mantle-piece, opposite to which is a cabinet, neatly 
iniaid, used as a writing-desk by William III. The pictures 
are usually exhibited in the following order : — 

The Misers, Quentin Matsys. 

A Girl playing on the Virginals, Mieris. 

St. Sebastian, Guido. 

The Angels appearing to the Shepherds, G. Poussin. 

The Agony in the Garden, „ 

A Woman watering Flowers, Gerard Duow. 

Head of the Virgin, Carlo Dolci. 

Head of our haviour, „ 

A Nymph and Satyr, Albano. 

St Catherine, Lionardo da Vinci, 

William, Prince of Orange, afterwardsWilliamIIJ,W^mm#. 

Mary, Princess of Orange, afterwards Mary II. „ 

A Head (Study,) Raphael 

A Head, Parmigiano. 

Portrait of Martin Luther, Holbein. 

Portrait of Erasmus, G. Penn. 

A Dutch sVake, p Breughel. 

The Garden of Eden, „ 

Edward VI. Holbein. 

The Duke of Norfolk, „ 

Our Saviour fitting at meat in the honse of Simon 

the Pharisee, Rubens. 

A Head (Youth,) B. Denncr. 
A Head (Age,) „ 



44 



THE UPPER WARD. 



St. John, 

A Landscape, 

A Girl reading, 

St Peter delivered from prison, 

James, Duke of York, 

Anne, Duchess of York, 



( 'arto Maratti. 

Suan'ielt. 
( 'orn ■ 
Stcenvyck. 
Sir Peter Lely. 



THE KING 1 ? CLOSET. 

The hangings in this room are similar to those in the one 
just described ; over the fire-place is a splendid convex mir- 
ror of great size, having ou each side an allegorical figure 
richly gilt, and beneath it a bas-relief representing the process 
of its manufactory. The subject of the ceiling is the nursing 
of the infant St. George, by West, and the paintings are — 

George, Prince of Denmark, Sir G. Kneller. 

John Maldersu, Bishop of Antwerp, Vandyck. 

Henrietta Maria, queen of Charles I., „ 

Titian and a Venetian senator, Titian 

A Holy Family, Garofalo 

The Virgin and Child, after Titian, D. Tenters, jun. 

A Holy Family, after Titian, 

Portrait of Holstoff, a German merchant, 

James, Duke of York, 

Charles II., 

A Head, 

Portrait of a German Youth, 

The daughter of Herodias with the head of John 

the Baptist, 
A Magdalen, 
Head of St, Catherine, 
Thf Virgin teaching our Saviour to read, 
Virgin, Child, and .St. John, 
The Death of Cleopatra, 
Madona and Child, 
>ilence, 

Head of St. Peter, 
Head of St. Paul, 
A Head, 
A Landscape, 

Horses and a Farrier'.* Shop, 
Two !!oly Families, 
The Countess of Desmond, 
Portrait of John Churchill, first Duke of Marl- 

borough. 

THE KING'S rOFNCII ROOM. 

This is a magnificent apartment, both in size and deco- 
ration 5 the ceiling is by Verrio, and represents Charles II. in 
his robe of state, sitting on a throne, receiving the offerings 
of the four quarters of the globe: a canopy is over his head, 
supported by Neptune, Jupiter, and Time, and the genius of 



Holbein. 
Bussefl. 



Holbein. 



Carlo Dolci. 

Domeniehino. 
Gnercino. 

Guido. 

Annibal Cararci. 
Gvercino. 

Lumardo da Vinci. 

P. \i ouverjrians. 

After Raphael. 
Rembrandt. 

Dahl. 



THE STATE APARTMENTS 



45 



of France is paying homage to the British monarch. A hand- 
somely-carved table with a velvet surface inlaid with po- 
lished brass stands in this apartment, which is likewise or- 
namented with a curious clock, the front being composed of 
brass, neatly inlaid with mother-of-pearl and tortoisesheU 
disposed into a variety of ornamental devices, and the whole 
surmounted with a small gilt figure of Neptune. Between 
the windows is a fine bronze cast from the antique, of a boy 
extracting a thorn from his foot. The sides of the apart- 
ment are hung with scarlet cloth, relieved with the following 
paintings — 



Portrait of an Officer 1 of the Pope's Guard 

Cupid shaving his bow, 

Portrait of the Duke of Savoy, 

George III., 

Charles V. ttmperor of Germany, 

Prince Rupert, 

Charles 11. when a boy, 

Family of Charles I., 

Henry, Duke of Gloucester, 

Two Views of Windsor Castle, 

Jacob's departure from Laban, 

Queen Elizabeth, when young, 

Catherine of Portugal, queen of Charles II., 

Duke of York, brother of George III., 

Anne of Denmark, queen of James 1 , 

Princess Mary, daughter of James II. as Diana, 



Parmiyiano. 

Sir A Moore. 

Dupont 
After Titian. 
Sir Peter Lely, 
Vandych. 



Vosterman, 
F. Laura. 
Holbein. 
Sir Peter Lely. 
Dance. 
Janssen 
Sir Peter Lely 



THE KING'S DRAWING-ROOM. 

This spacious and handsome apartment is the first room 
communicating with the grand staircase. The principal 
divison of the ceiling represents Charles II' personified as 
Apollo, drawn in a triumphal car by the horses of the sun, 
attended by allegorical figures alluding- to the Restoration ; 
in another compartment are the labours of Hercules, and the 
whole is enriched with flowers and fruit interspersed with 
ornaments beautifully gilt. The paintings in this room are — 
St. John, Correggio. 

The Wise Men's Adoration, Paul Veronese* 

The Battle of Nonilingen, Rubens. 

The Converted Chinese, Sir G. Knellcr. 

The Martyrdom of St. Mephen, Rottenhamer. 

The Offering of the Magi, Lucca Jordano. 

A Holy Family, Rubens. 

Augustus consulting the Sybil, P. da Cortona, 

The Virgin and Child, Tintoretto. 

A iiol v v Family, Schiavoni. 



46 THE UPPER WARD. 



THE KINGS STATE BED CHAMBER. 

The ceiling- represents a banquet of the heathen deities, by 
Verrio. In a recess at the west end of the room, is the state 
bed of Queen Anne, the rich velvet furniture and hanging's 
of which were wrought at Spitalfields \ the chairs and stools 
in the apartment are covered en suite. Near the bed is a 
superb amber cabinet, presented by the King- of Prussia to 
Caroline, consort of George II. ; and in some heaufets are 
several curious articles of China and porcelain, among- which 
is a tea- service of Queen Anne, and the cup and saucer of 
Mary, Queen of Scots. The following are the paintings: — 
Samson betrayed to the Philistines, Dance. 

A iV fUhematician, Spaynoletto 

The Apotheosis of the infant Princes Octavius and 

Alfred. Weet. 

A Preceptor and his Pupil, Bassano. 

The Expulsion of Heresy, Tintoretto. 

Miry, Duchess of York, Sir Peter Lely* 

Anne, Duchess of York, ,, 

Portrait of Peter the Great, Emperor of Russia, Sir G Kneller. 
Mary, Queen of Scots, Janette. 

Hunting the Wild Boar, Snyders. 

A Fawn, Brass Pan, and other objects of Still 

Life, Kalf. 

Portrait of Theodore Randue, Esq. 
Bridget Holmes, housemaid at the Castle, 1686, 

THE KING'S AUDIENCE-CHAMBER 

The subject of the ceiling* is an allegorical representation 
of the re-establishment of the Church of England at the re- 
storation of Charles II. ; Religion is triumphing over Srper- 
stition and Hypocrisy, and the three kingdoms are attended by 
Faith, Hope, and Charity ; it is well executed, and pro \\ Res 
a very pleasing effect. The canopy above the chair of state, with 
its ornamental appendages, were wrought with the needle . un- 
der the direction of Mrs Pawsey,from paintings by MissMoser; 
it is uncommonly rich and brilliant and gives an air of gran- 
deur to the whole room. Above a richly-sculptured n 
chimney-piece is a painting of St. George rescuing Sabrina 
from the dragon. All the pictures are by the late Benjamin 
West, Esq. and represents some of the most glorious a* 
ments of the reign of Edward III . A great addition n i 

value as historical pieces is the accurate attention that lias 
been paid to the costume of the numerons figures, a 
which, however, the artist must devide with his friend Sir 



THE STATE APARTMENTS. 47 

Isaac Heard, Garter King-at-Arms, who assisted him with 
his learning" and research during the execution of this under- 
taking', "a communion of labour, 1 ' it has been observed, 
" alike creditable to the memory of both. 11 They were 
painted between 1787 and 1790, and depict the following- 
events : — 

The surrender of Calais, August 4, 1347. 

An entertainment given by Edward III. in celebration of that event. 
Th<j English army crossing the river Somme, 1346. 
r lhe interview between l.dward III. and the Black Prince after the 

battle of Cressy, August 25, 1346. 
The battle of Poictiers, in which John. King of France, and his son 

Philip, were taken prisoners, September 20, 1356. 
The first installation of the order of the Garter in St. George's 

Chapel, April 23, 1349. 
The battle of Neville's Cross, in which Queen Philippa made David 

King of Scotland, her prisoner, and completely defeated the 

enemy, October 17, 1346. 

THE KING'S PRESENCE-CHAMBER. 

This room has one of the best painted ceilings in the State 
Apartments, but it is not in very good preservation. The 
four quarters of the world, introduced by Neptune, are gaz- 
ing- on a portrait of Charles II. exhibited by Mercury. Fame, 
who carries an olive-branch in her left hand, proclaims 
through her trumpet the glory of the monarch, while Time 
is driving away Rebellion and Sedition. In another part, 
Justice is displaying the arms of England to Thames and his 
attendant nymphs, and at the lower end of the room Venus 
is being drawn in a marine car by sea-deities and Tritons. 
The embroidered work of the canopy over the chair of state 
was executed by the Duchess of Brunswick, mother of 
George I. The paintings are — 

Prometheus chained to the Hock, Palma (II Giovine,) 

Charles 11. Sir Peter Lely. 
James II. „ 

Mary II. Sir G. Kneller. 
William III. 

Queen Anne, After Kneller. 

George I, Sir G. Kneller, 

Caroline, Queen of George II. Zeeman. 
George II. „ 

Frederick, Prince of Wales, Vanloo, 
Princess of Wales, „ 

I>uns Scotus, Spagnoletto. 

The King's Guard-chamber, now fitting up as a ball-room, 
communicates with St. George's Hall, used as abanqueting- 
rooni for the Knights of the Garter •, it is one of the noblest 
halls in Europe, being 108 feet in length and a proportionate 

h 2 



48 THE UPPER WARD. 

height and width ; at the west end is a gallery enriched with 

gilding and carved work, supported by four colossal figures, 
said to be a father and three sons taken prisoners by Edward 
the Black Prince. The King's Chapel adjoins this hall, the 
communication being by an open doorway beneath the gal- 
lery, but as all these apartments are now undergoing repair, 
the public are not admitted io view them. The ceiling and 
north side of St. George's Hall were painted by verrio, but 
the former, it is understood, will be replaced by a magni- 
ficent Gothic roof. 

Returning to the King's Drawing-room, a pair of folding- 
doors open upon the grand entrance •, the ascent consists of 
one flight of thirty-four steps, relieved by a broad central 
landing, and terminating in a gallery that forms a commu- 
nication with the several apartments •, the balustrade is com- 
posed of bronze with bases and capitals of polished brass, and 
on each side are vacant niches. The height of the staircase 
is 99 feet, above which rises a small octagonal tower, form- 
ing an ornamental lantern. The next apartment at present 
exhibited is 

THE QUEEN'S PRESENCE-CHAMBER. 

Catherine, queen to Charles II., is the principal figure in 
this ceiling, seated under a canopy spread by Time and sup- 
ported by zephyrs, while Religion, Prudence, Fortitude, and 
other virtues are in attendance on her ; Fame is proclaiming 
the happiness of the country, and Justice is driving away 
Sedition, Envy, and Discord. Her chair of state is at the 
west of the apartment, under a canopy of deep crimson vel- 
vet, with the initials C.R, embroidered in silver. The 
painting-s are — 

Duke Albeit of Saxony, Rubens. 

Charles 1., his Queen, the Prince of Wales, and the 

Princess Koyal, Vandyck. 

James 1. „ 

Charles 1. on horseback, „ 

Two Princesses of Brunswick, 1609, 

THE QUEEN'S AUDIENCE CHAMBER. 

On the ceiling of this apartment, Queen Catherine, per- 
sonified as Britannia, is represented sitting in a triumphal 
car drawn by swans and attended by Flora, Ceres, and 
Pomona, and other goddesses ; the temple of virtue forms 
her destination, and the painting is decorated with several 
ornaments heightend with gold. The glasses and carved 
work in this room are very magnificent, and flhe following" 
pictures adorn the walls : — 



THE STATE APARTMENTS. 40 

Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, father of Wil- 
liam III. Hontherst. 

A Landscape* Zuccherelli 

James II. when Duke of York, Gassar. 

Anne, Daughter of Lord Clarendon, and Queen of 
James II. Sir Peter Lely, 

Anne of Denmark, Queen of James I. Van Somer. 

Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I. Vandyck. 

Wiiliam, Prince of Orange, when a boy, Honthorst. 

The meeting of Isaac and Rebecca, Zuvchcrelli. 

This room concludes the suite of State Apartments at 
present exhibited to the public* 

In the autumn of 18*23, his present Majesty, annouced his 
intention of. taking up his residence at Windsor Castle, and 
on the 1st of October made a public entry into the town 
from the Royal Lodge in the Great Park ; on this occasion 
general rejoicings took place, oxen and sheep were roasted 
whole, the poorer classes dined in public in the High-street, 
the houses were illuminated, fire-works displayed, and a 
grand, ball and entertainment given in the Town-hall. An 
address of congratulation from the inhabitants was presented 
to his Majesty, who conferred the honour of knighthood upon 
the mayor and recorder, and transmitted munificent donations 
to the local charitable institutions. The experience of a few 
months, however, proved that the castle was, in many re- 
spsects, extremely ill -adapted for a modern residence : and, 
in 1824, the subject was brought under the consideration of 
the legislature.-f 

The state apartments from the north side of this quadran- 
gle, the Round Tower is en the west, and the king's pri- 

* An alphabetical list of the painters, whose works are in the 
present collection, with the dates oi their birth and decease, is 
given in the Appendix. 

t The Chancellor of the Exchequer stated in the House of Com- 
mons, that "every body who knew any thing of Windsor Castle, 
and of the apartments, reserved in it for the private residence of the 
sovereign, knew, that they were in many respects inconvenient, 
and particularly in the want of communication that existed between 
them. It was only fitting that there should be a convenient com- 
muncation between the state apartments and those which the sove- 
reign usually occupied, but it was impossible, at present, for the 
king to go from his private rooms into the apartments of state 
without making a considerable detour, and without encountering 
several inconveniences, to which, for various reasons, he ought not 
to be subjected/' After going into a detail of the proposed im- 
provements, he moved that the sum of 300,000Z. should be granted 
for the purpose of carrying them into effect; and the measure 
having speedily received the^ sanction of parliament, the works 
were commenced m the quadrangle of the Upper Ward. 



50 THE UPPER WARD. 

vate apartments and those of the royal household on the east 
and south. Upon a lofty pedestal at the west end of the 
square, is an equestrian bronze statue of Charles II., exe- 
cuted iu 1679: on the hoof is east, " Josiah Ibach Strada, 
Bremensis 1679, fudit. 1 ' On the east side of the pedestal a 
shield is affixeti with a Latin inscription, signifying that 
" Tobias Rustat (who was housekeeper to the royal apart- 
ments at Hampton Court) humbly gave and dedicated this 
statute to his most gracious master Charles II., the best of 
kings, A.D. 1.680. " The remaining' three sides are sculp- 
tured in basso relievo by Gibbons, of -which Walpole says, 
" The fruit, fish, and implements of shipping- are always ex- 
quisite — the man and horse may serve for a sign to draw a 
passenger's eye to the pedestal.'" The satirical vein in which 
this writer frequently indulged, has caused him, however, to 
exaggerate the defects of the statue : the horse is finely pro- 
portioned, and the position of the rider is the only objection- 
able point. This statute formerly stood nearly in the centre 
of the court-yard, and was removed to its present site in 
June, 18*27 : beneath the pedestal was a machine of peculiar 
construction for supplying the Castle with water, invented 
by Sir Samuel Moreland, an expert mechanist, whose father 
was created a baronet by Charles II., in reward of the ser- 
vices he performed during the king's exile. This engine has 
not been used for several years, water being conveyed from 
the Thames across the Home Park by more powerful ma- 
chinery. 

A principal defect in the old edifice, was the dwarfish 
appearance the south and east sides of the quadrangle pre- 
sented, when viewed from the interior of the court-yard; 
Mr. J. Wyatville, the architect, has entirely removed this 
objection, by lowering the area a depth of from six to eight 
feet, and raising the building an additional story. The 
workmen employed in executing this operation, found, at 
various times, several coins and a gold signet-ring of 
Henry III.; and on the east side a sally-port, arched and 
faced with stone, leading under the ancient moat into the 
Park, and retaining traces of having been defended by mas- 
sive doors, was discovered. Near the centre of the quad- 
rangle, a curious excavation was found hollowed to the 
depth of nearly eighty-feet in the chalky rock that formed 
the foundation* of the ancient edifice ; its shape is circular, 
and the descent to it was by a few stone steps, at the base 
of which had been the entrance. A few bones of animals 
mixed with rubbish were its only contents, and it is con- 
jectured that it was used as a depository during a siege for 
treasure or valuables. 



THE GRAND ENTRANCE 51 

The magnitude of a great national iiiulertukiug- like the 
present, and lite imperative necessity of entirely rebuilding 
many parts of the edifice, owing to the defective state of the 
timbers, will render the completion of .lie projected improve- 
ments a work of considers hie time, but a brief outline of their 
present state may suffice to giv< some idea of the magni- 
ficent appeuHmce the building- will ultimately present. 
Connected with the Keep by a narrow curtain is the Devil 
Tower, near which was the old principal gateway, an en- 
trance not only low and inconvenient, but beuig nearly at an 
ano-le of the court-yard, afforded no distinguishing 1 point of 
view. The new g-ateway, on the contrary, presents a most 
noble and imposing- appearance, being placed directly in a 
line with the Long- Walk, which thus forms a grand ap- 
proach worthy of the majestic edifice that terminates it • the 
archway is twenty-four feet in height, above which are the 
apartments for the requsite attendants, the whole surmounted 
with embrasures " machiolated"" or having apertures for 
pouring down melted lead and ether annoyances upon a 
Desiegi-ng enemy. York Tower stands on the east of the 
gateway, and formerly had a beacon turret on its summit as 
the post of the warder of the Castle : this has been removed, 
and the tower, with its defences, is now fitted up in a style 
similar to the gateway. On the west of the entrance a cor- 
responding tower, named after the rival house of Lancaster, 
has been erected, his Majesty performing- the ceremony of 
laying the foundation-stone at the angle of this tower and 
the gateway; the following inscription, together with a 
series of coins of the present reign, was deposited in a cavity 
hollowed for the purpose : — 

GKORGii THE FOURTH, 

By the grace of God, King of Great Britain, and Defender 

of the Faith, 

Laid this corner-stone of a new entrance 

f'o his Castle at Windsor. 

Which has been, for upwards of seven centuries, 

The residence of his royal predecessors, 

On the sixty-second anniversary of his birthday, 

August 12, 1824. 

Jefifery Wyatviile architect, 

Immediately opposite to this gateway is the principal en- 
trance to the state apartments, having in its front a square 
tower, the basement of which is arched, forming- a lofty 
groined hall, and allowing carriages to pass under : above 
this, a splendid apartment, lighted by three beautiful win- 
dows, and ornamented with Gothic niches., having richly 
sculptured canopies, forms a communication with the room* 



52 THE UPPER WARD. 

upon the north front reserved for the purposes of state. A 
clock, to which a set of musical chimes are appended, is 
in the upper division of this tower 5 above the dial-face is 
inscribed in raised old English characters Georgils 1 1 1 1 . 
Rex, and beneath it Anno 1 omini 1827. Between this 
tower and the north-east angle, a g-reat improvement has 
beea effected hy the substitution of lofty Gothic windows for 
the circular French ones introduced into St. George's Thill 
by Charles II. in compliance with the ruling fashion of the 
time ; and the roof has been hattlemented. At the north- 
east corner of the court-yard', a gateway flanked by two 
octagon towers forms the approach to the domestic offices 5 
pear this a small square tower has been erected, as an en- 
trance for visitants to his Majesty on any occasion of cere- 
mony, at a vestibule at the top of the staircase, having an 
extremely light and elegant ceiling, communicating with the 
corridor, one of the grandest features of the interior of the 
edifice. It has been already premised, that the means of 
communication between the various apartments were ex- 
tremely limited, but by the formation of this noble gallery, 
facility of access to the several rooms is obtained without any 
inconvenience. The corridor extends round the south and 
east sides of the quadrangle, being 520 feet in length, and 
forms a fine promenade when the weather is unfavourable 
for out-of-door exercise ; folding doors open into the prin- 
cipal rooms, and the ceiling is divided into square compart- 
ments, having the centres occupied by a variety of orna- 
mental devices richly gilt, which are so diversified as to 
afford continual relief to the eye. At the south-east angle 
is the King's private entrance : on each side of the arch way- 
opening into the court-yard, is a small turret, and in the 
centr? above a hattlemented portico, the royal arms are 
sculptured in basso relievo by Rossi. The structure of the 
original building interposed considerable difficulties in the 
erection of ibis staircase, but Hie skilful genius of the archi- 
tect succeeded in obviating them, and forming an entrance of 
great magnificence. It is nearly of a triangular form, faced 
with stone richly sculptured and ornamented with canopied 
niches, communicating with the corridor by a small land- 
ing, above which rises a beautifully-embellished oblong 
lantern. 

The pencil of the skilful graphist is required to give an 
adequate idea of the imposing 1 ;agmfience of the east front, 
on which side is the principal suite of apartments; four 
square towers relieve its elevation, Black Princes, Chester, 
/Clarence, and King's, the latter being extremely massive in 
jt9 construction, and having handsome corbelled battlements. 



THE EAST FRONT. 53 

The apartments comprise a dining-room of princely di- 
mensions, two drawing-rooms, library, and other apnrtmcnts 
requisite for the personal accommodation of the monarch and 
his immediate attendants j they are lighted by beautiful Oriel 
windows of large dimensions enriched with luxuriant tracery, 
the lofty ceilings are relieved with a variety of devices splen- 
didly gilt and burnished, and many of the doors and pan- 
nels are ornamented with masterly specimens of carved work. 
This part of the building is constructed upon a fire-proof 
principle, the g-irders being iron and the floors arched with 
brick. J n front of the library, which occupies the whole of 
Chester Tower, a double flight of steps forms a communi- 
cation with the east terrace, and a corresponding one fur- 
nishes a descent from that to the site of the new flower-gar- 
den, an appendage wholly wanting in the original edirice. 
A pentagon terrace incloses it, crowned with a battlemented 
rampart of freestone and having bastions at the angles, on 
one of which is placed an excellent sun-dial ; an orangery 
on a most extensive scale has been constructed beneath part 
of this terrace, and the remaining* sides form a sloping lawn 
ascending from the flower-garden to the level of the rampart. 
Viewed from the Little Park, it affords a fine foreground to 
the massive and stately towers rising beyond it, while, as a 
private summer retreat, it furnishes a pleasing relaxation 
from the fatigues of public state. 



ft4 



CHAP. VII. 

ETON COLLEGE 

This venerable and illustrious seminary, which for nearly 
four centuries has implanted the seeds of piety and learning 
in the expanding mind of youth, and the record of whose 
favoured alumni contains a host of names distinguished for 
their renown in the field, the cabinet, and the varied persuits 
of literature, was founded by Henry VI. In September, 
1440, that monarch purchased the perpetual advowson of the 
parish of Eton for the purpose of founding- a college, and by 
two charters, dated October 11, 1440, and March 11, 1441, 
endowed it with sufficient funds for its maintenance. The 
building was commenced in the following year, and, when 
completed, contained accommodation for twenty-fire poor 
grammar-scholars and twenty-five poor and infirm men to 
pray for the king, with the requisite number of tutors and 
ecclesiastical attendants. The new establishment was mo- 
delled upon the plan of William de Wykeham, the founder 
of Winchester College, his statutes being transcribed without 
any very material alteration. In 1464, a treaty of union and 
mutual defence was concluded between Eton, Winchester, 
and king's College, Cambridge. The first head-master 
was William Wayneflete, Bishop of Winchester, afterwards 
provost of the institution and founder of Magdalen College, 
Oxford. Fostered by the hand of royalty, even during the 
stormy period of the Reformation and the subsequent fluc- 
tuations in the established religion of the country, the infant 
establishment made rapid progress and speedily numbered in 
its list of provosts the most celebrated men of the age. Among 
them were Sir Henry Saville, who founded professorships of 
astronomy and geometry at the university of Oxford, Sir 
Henry Wootton, Bart., an eminent statesman at the court of 
James I., by whom he was frequently employed in embassies 
to foreign states, Provost Steward, clerk of the closet to 
Charles I., Francis Rowse, whose principles became so de- 
cidedly puritanical as to procure him a seat in Cromwell 9 ! 
upper house of Parliament, and many others equally eminent 
of later date than the preceding. 



ETON COLLEGE. 56 

The present establishment consists of a provost, vice-pro- 
vost, six fellows, master, under-master, assistants, seventy" 
scholars, even lay-clerks, and ten choristers, besides the in- 
ferior offi en and servants for the domestic offices of the 
collegians. The scholars on the foundation are distinguished 
by wearing- a black cloth gown ; the others are termed op- 
pidans, the expense of whose education and maintenance is 
defrayed by their relatives, aud who are boarded in private 
houses within the precincts of the College • the total number 
is upwards of 500. The annual election of scholars to King's 
College, Cambridge, takes place at the latter end of July, 
when the twelve senior scholars are put upon the roll to suc- 
ceed to King's as vacancies may occur •, four or five gene- 
rally take place in the course of a twelvemonth, and the stu- 
dents succeed to fellowships at three years' standing. Upon 
the day of election, the provost of King's College, accom- 
panied by two posers, atteud at Eton, when the candidates 
pass through an examination j on this occasion the senior 
scholars deliver public orations in the upper school, selected 
from the classics aud the best English authors. Eton like- 
wise sends two scholars denominated post- masters, who orgi- 
nally officiated as choristers, to Merton College, Oxford, 
and has several exhibitions of twenty-one guineas each for 
the benefit of the scholars who are superannuated, which, 
by the statutes of the. College, they become at nineteen years 
of age. The original funds *br this purpose have been con- 
siderably augmented by the Rev. Dr. IXavis, provost in the 
late reign, and the Rev. Mr. Chamberlayne, one of the fel- 
lows of the College and Canon of Windsor in the reign of 
James I. 

The singular custom triennially celebrated at Eton on 
Whit-Tuesday, and which bears the title of the Montem, 
appears to have been coeval with trie foundation of the Col- 
lege, although both its design and mode of observance have 
been entirely changed since that period. It now consists of 
a procession formed by the whole of the school to a small 
mount supposed to be a Saxon barrow, near a village on the 
Bath road called Salthill, where the remainder of the day is 
spent in festivity. The chief object of the ceremony at pre- 
sent is to make a collection for the captain of the scholars 
on the foundation, preparatory to his leaving Eton for the 
university, which is accomplished by laying all the specta- 
tors and passengers under a contribution, demanded as 
money for " salt," they receiving in return a ticket with an 
appropriate motto.* The origin of this custom, notwith- 

* One of the Montem tickets was quaintly inscrbied Mospro lege t 
iS Custom for law." 



56 ETON COLLEGE. 

standing much antiquarian research, has not been clearly 
ascertained ; but it has been supposed to derive its titl 
a monkish procession taking- pluce annually to this rooi 
which time consecrated salt was sold to the spectators. The 
•pectncle partakes somewhat of a military array ; the major 
part of the hoys are habited in uniforms, and the senior 
scholars wear the dresses of a marshal, captain, lieutenant, 
and ensig-n, the latter of whom hears the College flao\ in- 
scribed with the motto, " Pro more et monte," which is 
waved with much form on thesumit of the mount, at Salt-hill. 
The two principal collectors are termed salt-bearers, and are 
assisted in the duties of the day by several more of the upper 
boys who have the title of servitors ; their dresses are rich 
and fanciful, chosen according* to the taste of the wearer, so 
that it is no means unusual to witness these youths habited 
in the costume of every clime and period. The royal family 
have frequently honoured the ceremony with their presence, 
and the collection generally amounts to between £800, and 
£1000.* 

* Some writers of the present day have objected to the continu- 
ance of this custom on the around of its inutility, but it has been 
successfully vindicated by several able advocates, one of whom thus 
pleasingly describes the attractions of this animating spectacle : — 
" Out upon the eternal hunting; for causes and reasons. I Jove the 
no-meaning of Mont em. I love to be asked for 'salt' by a pretty 
boy in silk stockings and satin doublet, tho'igh the custom has been 
called ' something between begging and robbing.' 1 love the apolo- 
getic al A'cspro lege which defies the police and Mendicity Soci- 
ety. I love tie absurdity of a captain taking the precedence of a mar- 
shal ; and a marshal bearing a gilt baton at an angle of forty five de- 
grees from his right hip; and an ensign flourishing a flag with the 
grace of a tight rope dancer ; and sergeants paged b> fair skinned 
Indians and beardbss 'n^ks; and corporals in cashes ami gorgets 
guaided fey innocent polemen in blue jackets and white trousers. 
I love the real and mo^k dignity ; the Provost in his cassock clear- 
ing the way for the Dr chess of I einster to see the ensign make his 
bow, or the head master gravely dispensing leave of absence till nine 
to Counts of the Holy Koinan Impire and grand Seigniors. I love 
the crush in the cloisters dnd the mob on the mount- 1 love the clat- 
ter of carriages and the plunging of horsemen-- 1 love the universal 
from the peer who smiles and Hghs that he is no longer an 
Eton boy to the country girl who marvels that srrch little geutb men 
have cocked hats and real swords. Give me a Montem with ail its 
torn foolery - I lad almost said before a coronation. It k 

scene; -there is the stay maker's wife from 
elbowing a Cavendish, and a gentleman-coni! .bridge 

playing the agreeable to a farmer's piett> daughter from Cippcn- 
jbam-greeu. Cymes, cynics, abandon your heresy !" 



T TT F CfflKAT QUADRANGLE. 57 

The > foriri two large quadrangles, 

pel, are built of brick, 
, the roof battieinented ; the principal trout faces the 
disposed garden extending' to the bank of 
the river The outer i|tradram>le is formed on the east 
side by the clock-tower and apartments of some of the toas- 
ters; on the north by the lower-school, above which is the 
Long-chamber or dorinitoryfbr the scholars on the foundation! 
on the west by the upper school, which, with the Stone ar- 
cade beneath ft, was built by Sir Christopher Wren at the 
expense of Dr. Atlestre, provost of the College after the 
Restoration ; and on the south by the chapel. In the cen- 
tre of the courtyard is a bronze statue Or Henry VI. on a 
marble pedestal, inclosed within an iron railing-; the mon- 
arch is in his full robes, wearing' a cap of state and having* 
the sceptre in his rio-ht hand and the globe and cross in his 
Jeft. It was executed by an artist named Francis Bird in the 
reign of George I., but has not much merit as a work of art; 
on the pedestal is a Latin inscription to the following' pur- 
port :— 

To the never-fading memory 

Of the most pious prince Henry the Mxth, 

King of England and France 

.And Lord of Ireland, 

Henry Godolphin, . 

Provost of this College, 

Hfjs erected tl is statue 

Of its most munificent founder, 

A.D. 1719. 

The Chapel is a very handsome Gothic structure, sup- 
ported on each side by massive buttresses, but Htted up inter- 
nally in a style of gTeat plainness and simplicity. It is 175 
feet in length, including an ante-chapel at the west end, 
separated from the remaining part by a handsome screen of 
the composite order, above which is a neat organ-nailery. 
The sides of the principal part of the edifice are wainscotted 
to a considerable height ; the lower tiers of seats, rising from 
the, floor are appropriated to the scholars generally, above 
which are stalled seats for such noblemen as are pupils, the 
masters and heads of the College sitting on the uppermost 
row. The original stone altar-piece, corresponding to the 
Gothic character of the building enriched with canopied 
niches, is concealed from view by a wainscot screen supported 
by Corinthian columns, erected from a Grecian design by 
Sir Christopher Wren, which, although elegant in itself, 
seems misplaced in the present edifice. Behind this screen 
is the monument of the Rev. Dr. Murray, thirteenth provost 



58 ETON COLLEGE. 

of the College, a curious specimen of art though now dilapi- 
dated and entirely concealed from view by the wainseotting 
of the present altar-piece. The monument was constructed 
of alabaster, a half-length figure of the provost in his full 
ecclesiastical dress, coloured after life, forming the central 
subject, beneath which a Latin inscription records his learn- 
ing and virtuous character ; on each side were figures of 
Time and Religion curiously sculptured in alabaster, and at 
the basement a skeleton af the human frame accurately car- 
ved in lime- wood. The ante-chapel contains several objects 
worthy of observation ; the roof is supported by Gothic 
arches, the corbels being sculptured with cherubim who are 
displaying the royal arms richly emblazoned. Below the 
west window is a marble statue of Henry VI. in his robes of 
state crowned with the regal diadem •, on the left of the figure 
is a circular pillar ornamented with the royal arms and sup- 
porting the code of statutes and charter of* the College, sur- 
mounted with a very beautiful model of the chapel, on which 
the left arm of the monarch is reposing. It was executed by 
Bacon in 1768, at the expense of the Rev. Edward Betham, 
fellow of the College, who bequeathed £600 for that pur- 
pose, and is sculptured in a masterly manner. Several brass 
plates and ancient monuments are placed in the ante-chapel, 
of which the two following are near the iron rail inclosing 
the statue of the founder : — 

To the honour and safe-guard of her dust, whose rare vertues have 
made her life exemplary, her losse deplorable, her memory pre- 
tious— Klizabeth, the daughter of Mr. Richard and Elizabeth Franck- 
lin, the wife of Mr. Giles Baker, the mother only of one daughter, 
who bare her name and lieth here also at her feete. Her sorrowful 
husband in token of his pietie and love hath made this lasting dedi- 
cacion ; she died 4th October, A.D. 1641, aged 23, 

The second is to the memory of Mr. Robert Stokys and 
Elizabeth his wife, who died in 1560 ; the grave-stone was 
originally inlaid with figures of the parents and eight of 
their children, but that of the mother is the only one re- 
maining. On the south of the ante-chapel is a bronze read- 
ing deslc, nearly five feet in height, ornamented with several 
scriptural devices, and supposed to be coeval with the conse- 
cration of the chapel. On two lifty piers, one above this 
reading-desk and the other over a marble font on the oppo- 
site side, are the statues of King Henry and St. George \ the 
monarch is represented with a palm branch in his right hand. 
Near the font is a grave-stone to the memory of Richard 
Grey, Lord Grey, henchman to Henry VIII., who died Oc- 
tober 28, 1521 \ a brass plate engraven with a figure of the 



THE HALL. 59 

tioble baron in complete armour is let into the centre of the 
■lab Among the brass plates and grave-stones in the tloor 
of the ante-chapel, the following- are worthy notice ; — a 
whole- length figure in a clerical dress surmounts the an- 

• • • 
uexed inscription : — 

Prav for the sonle of Willin . Howard, late pety canon of Wynde- 
sore, which deceased the first day of May the yere of our Lord 
mvxxii, on whose soul Jesu have mercy. ^ 

Ou an obloug brass plate is inscribed — 
And 157*2, August 18 daye. 

Under this stone lies Thomas Smith, late a fellow heare, 

Auci of Cambridge Master of Arte of ye Kinge Colledge th«are„ 

Be did depart from earthly life the time above exprest, 

Who^c soule we ho^.e dothe now remaiue in A brain's brest. 

Sir Henry Wootton, a lay-provost ofthe College mentioned 

in a preceding- page, has the following- curious epitaph in 

the liatin lang-uage inscribed above his grave.: — 

Here iies the author of this sentence; 

An itching for dispute is the scab of the chtvrck. 

Seek his name elsewhere. 

A marble tablet with a beautifull-executed bas-relief of an 
ascending- spirit record* the memory of the Rev. Edward 
Tew, vice-provost of the College, who died August 30, 1818, 
aged 82; and on the north side a large gTave-stone marks 
the burial-place of George, Earl of Waldegrave, who was* 
drowned while a student at Eton in 1794. In the cemetery 
adjoining the chapel are deposited the remains of the learned 
John Hale,who likewise received his education at Eton. 

The inner quadrangle is of smaller dimensions thau the one 
already described and has a cloistered walk round its sides, 
with an open court in the centre. On the south side a flight 
of stone steps leads unto the hall, where the scholars on the 
foundation take their daily commons ; it is a curious and 
spacious apartment, retaining all the characterestics of the 
era of its erection. At the west end a small elevation of 
the floor, termed the dais, distinguishes the situation oc- 
cupied by the dignitaries of the College; a circular hearth 
is placed in the centre of the hall, the smoke escaping 
through an open lantern in the roof immediately above it. 
On the anniversary of what is termed the founder's day and 
on some other occasions, the hall is hung with curious ancient 
tapestry. 

The library is on the south side of the cloisters and con 
sists of three fine apartments, divided by fluted Corinthian 
columns, It contains a very large and valuable collection 
or books and manuscripts, having been at various times en- 
riched by the munificent bequests of Dr. Waddington, Bishop 



60 THE LIBRARY. 

of Chester, Mr. Mann, master of the Charter-house, R. 
Topham, Esq. keeper of the records in the Tower, and 
Anthony Storer, Esq. whose collection of books and paint- 
ings bequeathed to this library were valued at £8000: a por- 
trait of this gentleman and a bust of John Penn, Esq of 
Stoke Park are anions: the decorations of this noble collec- 
tion of literature.* The apartments are surrounded by tral- 
leries, which, while materially adding" io the convenience of 
the place, o-reatly contribute to its pleasing- appearance ; a 
fine portrait on pannel of Henry VI. is over a fire-phi ce in 
the centre division, and above the vestibule leading* from the 
gallery staircase is a small marble bust of the same monarch. -j* 
A small postern-gate, luxuriantly mantled with ivy, forms 

* The T?ev. Mr. Ifetherington, one of the fellows of the College, 
left 5007. to be expended in the purchase of any important work in 
which 'he library was deficient, and his late Majesty directed that 
a folio copy of the Statutes at Large should be pit sealed to Aie 
libraiy at the termination of every session of Parliament. 

t Among the literary curiosities of this collection, a Chinese map 
of the city of Pekin, some Pgyptian manuscripts written on papyrus, 
several beautifully illuminated missals, and an extensive cod^ction 
of oriential manuscripts are deserving particular notice; the lat- 
ter valuable record of eastern lore comptised 550 vo'lunms, the re- 
sult of the arduous labours of Mr. Pote while residing at Patna, who 
devoted several years to its formation and presented half of them to 
King's College, Cambridge, and half to the present libraiy. I he 
printed works comprise an almost invaluable collection of ancient 
and modern classics, among which are editions of Horace, > erence, 
and Virgil printed in the latter part of the fifteenth century, every 
page being illustrated with curious wood-cuts; Kymer's Fcedera, IS 
vols., from the press of the celebrated Jacob Tonson ; Mow's Sur- 
vey, first edition; a refutation of the Koran, printed at Pavia in 
1698 under the authority of Pope Innocent X!. ; and neaily all the 
sacred and profane authors and early English writers in the ves- 
tibule leading to the library are two curious maps on canvass, one 
pourtraying the arms of all the cities and borough-towns in Kngland 
and Wales with a brief account of their foundation and remarkable 
circumstances connected with them and the other giving a similar 
history of the bishoprics with the armorial bearings of the respec- 
tive dioceses. An ancient view of the College, paintings of Trinity 
and King's College. Cambridge, and several other pictures likewise 
decorate this entrance hall. 

In the apartments appropriated to the provost are portraits of 
several individuals who have filled that distinguished situation, a fine 
view of Venice, and half-lengths of Queen Elizabeth and Sir Kobert 
Walpole. Ihere is also a portrait on panel, «iid to be that of Jane 
Shore, on the authority of a tradition that a provost of Kton College 
was her confessor and that this painting was taken by his direction ; 
the hair is auburn and the forehead large, but the face has not that 
claim to beauty it is so generally imagined to have possessed. 



ETON COLLEGE. 61 

an opening from the cloisters to the playing-fields, an exten- 
sive tract of ground shaded by several lofty trees and bounded 
on one side by the Thames The young gentlemen educated 
here are greatly attached to aquatic amusements, and twice 
during the summer (on the 4th of June, in commemoration 
of his late Majesty's birthday, and on the last Saturday in 
July, when the senior scholars are elected to King's College, 
Cambridge,) splendid regattas take place. On these occa- 
sions they go in procession, habited in fancy dresses, in seve- 
ral long boats ornamented with flags and accompanied with 
music to a meadow opposite Surly-hall, about three miles up 
the river, where a cold collation is provided, and on their 
return a brilliant display of fire- works is exhibited on an eyot 
a short distance above Windsor bridge. This spectacle has 
been frequently graced with the presence of several members 
of the royal family, and annually attracts a considerable 
number of distinguished visitors. 



62 



CHAP. VIII. 
THE PARKS AND LODGES. 

The Little Park, from its immediate vicinity to the Castle, 
claims our first notice; it is about four miles in circum- 
ference, extending- on the north and east sides of the Castle to 
the bank of the Thames, and was enclosed by a brick wall in 
the reign of William III. It contains about five hundred 
acres, many parts of which are beautifully studded with 
clumps of forest trees, while several avenues of elm, planted 
in the reign of Queen Anne, afford shady p. .menades. The 
late King was frequently accustomed to take the diversion 
of coursing* in this Park, which abounds with hares, but the 
sport has latterly been discontinued. The ground forming 
the declivity of the hill on the north terrace of the Castle was 
inclosed in the late reign and converted into an extensive 
garden, the walks in which are planted with a variety of 
shrubs interspersed with parterres of flowers, and sheltered 
by plantations of forest trees. This portion of the Park is 
termed from its situation " The Slopes," and communicates 
with the north terrace; the public were admitted to it, under 
certain regulations, till 1823, when his Majesty taking up his 
residence at the Castle, this indulgence was withheld. A 
shrubbery has been recently formed adjoining the Slopes, and 
several trees at the summit of the hill removed to afford a view 
from the north terrace. Shakspeare, in his "Merry Wives 
of Windsor, " has converted, with his usual brilliant genius, 
a tradition respecting a tree in this Park current among the 
peasantry of his time into one of his happiest dramatic inci- 
dents: — 

There is an old tale goes that Heme the hunter, 

Sometime a keeper here in Windsor Forest, 

Doth all the winter time, at still midnight, 

Walk round about an oak, with great ragged horns; 

And there he blasts the tree, and takes the cattle, 

And makes milch kine yield blood, and shakes a chain 

In a most hideous and dreadful manner. 
• • * # * 

Marry, this is our device; 
Thai Falstaffat that oak shall meet with us, 
Disguised, like Heine, with huge horns on his head. 



FROOMORE lOD(iE. 63 

Home is said to have been om of the forest-keepers in tlie 
early purt of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and having corn- 
some offence that would have occasioned his dismissal 
from office, he took the desperate resolution to hang himself 
upon this tree. A whithered oak near the present footway to 
0atchet, on the south-east side of the Park is still designated 
'a oak -, 11 its identity, however, is not clearly proved, 
and, except its situation and the nature of the ground near 
it, no evidence car. be adduced to support its claim to that 
title. 

Divided by the London Road from the Litte Park is Frog- 
more Lodge, the residence of her Royal Highness the Princess 
Augusta Sophia. This estate was an ancient demesne of 
the crown and was sold during the civil wars in the reign 
of Charles I. Shortly after tlie Restoration it reverted to 
the possession of royalty, and in 1792 was held upon lease 
by the Hon Mrs Egerton, from whom it was purchased by 
Queen Charlotte, and the present elegant retreat constructed; 
after the decease of her Majesty, it became, by bequest, the 
property of the Princess Augusta, w T ho has since almost con- 
stantly resided at it. The entrance from the high road is by 
a semi -circular drive, planted with shrubs, on the west side 
of which are the stables, clock-house, and domestic offices ; 
a vestibule and hall communicate with the grand suite of 
apartments, a small drawing-room facing the road being 
ornamented with upwards of fifty pencil drawings of land- 
scapes, heads, and studies from the antique, executed by the 
Princess Royal, the late Queen of Wurtemberg. The prin- 
cipal front faces the south, opening into the grounds ; the 
centre of the building is connected with the two wings by a 
light and handsome colonade, 72 feet in length, terminated 
at each end by two small apartments, fitted up with great 
taste, one of which is used as a private dining-room. A bow 
dining 1 - room communicating with the latter, is ornamented 
with porcelain vases exquisitely wrought in English manu- 
facture and several fine alabaster pedestals bearing figures 
from the antique, brought from Rome by General Cartwright 
and presented by him to Queen Charlotte. Portraits of the 
following members of the royal family also decorate this 
apartment ; — her late Majesty with the Prince of Wales 
and Duke of York when young*; George III. ;* Dukes of 
York, Clarence, Sussex, and Cambridge ; Princess Royal, 
Princess Charlotte, and Prince of Hesse Homburg. Two 

* These two paintings are copies by Hopkins from Copley an$ 
Gainsborough ; the originals are in the state apartments, Windsor- 
Castle. 

K 2 



64 FROGMORE LODGB. 

apartments, the principal of which is called the Japan draw- 
ing-room, having ornamented panels from Chinese device*, 
shrub*, and flowers, executed hy the Princess Elizabeth 
The three looking-glasses in this room are exceedingly mag- 
nificent, and the ottomans and settees are beautifully embroi- 
dered in scarlet and purple by the orphan daughters of cler- 
gymen at an institution near Bath, patronised hy Queen 
Charlotte. A cabinet at the west end contains a valuable col- 
lection of ancient coins and medals, miniatures and other curi- 
osities. The panels of a corresponding room at the east end 
are painted with flowers from designs by Miss Moser ; the 
hangings, chairs, and cushions are painted velvet, and a 
splendid alabaster chimney-piece greatly adds to the beauty 
of the apartment. The principal dining-room contains 
whole-length portraits of George III., Queen Charlotte, and 
his present Majesty when prince of Wales j the latter painting 
is by Gainsborough, and the style and colouring are both mas- 
terly. A portrait of Lady Charlotte Finch, private gover- 
ness to the younger branches of the present royal family, is 
also placed in this apartment. 

The gardens comprise about thirteen acres and are laid oat 
in the most skilful manner j they are diversified by a 
sion of lawns, flower parterres, and walks planted with a 
variety of curious shrubs, while, in many parts of the grounds, 
several ornamental buildings give an additional effect to the 
natural beauties of the place. A marine grotto is fitted up in 
one of the flower-gardens with considerable taste, and a fine 
piece of water, forming a lake in front of the principal apart- 
ments, winds among the plantations and materially contri- 
butes to the beauty of many of the views. A Gothic ruin 
facing the lake, erected from a design of Mr. James Wyatt, 
contains an apartment fitted up as an oratory ; the chairs are 
elaborately carved iii ebony, and the room is ornamented with 
a copy of the Descent from the Cross after the celebrated 
painting by Rembrandt modelled in chalk, busts of George 
III. and the Duke of Kent, a posthumous marble figure of 
the infant child of the Duke of Clarence, and an alto relievo 
representing an ascending spirit attended by a guardian angel 
with the inscription — 

Monumental tablet 

To the memory 

Of 

Her Royal Highness the Princess Charlotte. 

A Bramin's hut, a temple dedicated to Solitude, an Italian 
temple, and a hermitage are among the ornamental erections ; 
the latter contains a table spread with fruit, eggs, and bread, 



FROGMORE LODGE. 65 

and a figure of a hermit reading- the Scriptures; at the en- 
trance are the following lines, written on the marriage of the 
Princess Royal : — 

Ye whom variety delights, 

Descend awhile from Windsor's heights, 

And in this hovel deign to tread, 

Quitting the castle for the shed ; 

Such were the muse's favourite haunts, 

From care secluded and from wants. 

What nature needs this hut can give, 

Could Ave as nature dictates live, 

For see, on this plain board at noon 

Are placed a platter and a spoon, 

Which, though they mark no gorgeous treat, 

buggest 'tis reasonable to eat. 

What though the sun's meridian light 

Beams not on our hovel bright, 

Though others need, we need him not, 

Coolness and gloom befit a cot. 

Our hours we count without the sun, 

These sands proclaim them as they run, 

Sands within a glass confined 

Glass which ribs of iron bind ; 

For Time, still partial to this glass, 

Made it durable as brass, 

That, placed secure upon a shelf 

None might crush it but himself. 

Let us here the day prolong 

With loyal and with nuptial song, 

Such as, with duteous strains addrest, 

May gratify each royal j;uest ; 

Thrice happy, should our rural toils 

Be requited by their smiles. 

The Great Park, the scenery in which is hoth varied and 
picturesque, contains about 1800 acres, and is stocked with 
several thousand head of fallow deer •, it lies on the south 
side of the town and is intersected by several roads, the 
principal of which is the Long Walk. In this uoble avenue, 
about two miles distant from the town, is a saline spring of 
great efficacy in chronic diseases 5 the water is transparent, 
colourless, and strongly impregnated with sulphuric acid, 
magnesia, and muriatic acid. In the summer of 1825 the 
King, with his wonted kindness, directed that the spring 
should be opened for the accommodation of the public, but 
the number of visitants became so great as to exceed the sup- 
ply of water, and it was again closed towards the end of the 
autumn and has not since been re-opened. Another avenue 
of considerable length, called Queen Anne's Ride, extends 
from Hudson's-gate at the bottom of Sheet-street to the 
boundary of the Park near Ascot-heath. Under the direction 

L 



66 THE GREAT PARK. 

of his late Majesty several portions of the Park were eon- 
verted into farm-lands that a series of agricultural experi- 
ments might he made ; various modes of cultivation, adopted 
from the practice of different districts, were prescribed and 
for many years strictly adhered to, hut the only two farms 
now remaining', though retaining* their original names, Nor- 
folk and Flemish, are tilled in whatever manner the tenants 
prefer. Oxen were, till lately, solely employed for purposes 
of husbandry in the Great Park, and are still used upon the 
two farms above-mentioned. 

Near the termination of the Long Walk, in a south-eastern 
direction, is the the summer residence of his Majesty, now 
called the Royal Lodge, but formerly the King's Cottage, 
Upon part of the site of the present building was a small re- 
sidence for the deputy-ranger of the Park, but in 1810, his 
Majesty, then Prince Regent, selected it as a private summer 
retreat. Since then it has undergone several alterations, and 
the interior has been rendered extreemly commodious ; the 
principal suite of apartments is on the ground-floor and pre- 
sents a most brilliant appearance when illuminated on the 
occasion of any grand entertainment, the different rooms 
being thrown into a saloon, communicating" with a conser- 
vatory stored with the choicest plants and flowers. The 
furniture and decorations are plain but elegant, the hangings 
being principally silk, and a few valuable cabinet painting's 
are hung in the principal apartments. A short distance from 
the main building stands the private chapel, a small struc- 
ture fitted up with appropriate simplicity, its principal orna- 
ment being the window above the altar, representing our 
Saviour casting out devils; the body of the chapel is fitted 
up with open seats for the accommodation of the royal house- 
hold, two large pews being reserved for his Majesty and the 
principal attendants. The rustic entrance-lodges are con- 
structed with boles of fir-trees, fixed together in the Swiss 
manner; and the grounds attached are pleasingly laid out. 

At the hack of the Royal Lodge, separated by a plantation 
and shrubbery, is a large building called Cumberland Lodge, 
from its having been the seat of William, Duke of Cumber- 
land, uncle to his late Majesty. The grand front faces the 
south and is built of brick stuccoed, with a battlemented roof 
and small turrets at the angles, giving- that part of the edifice 
a castellated appearance, but the remainder of the building 
presents a number of irregular projections, having been en- 
larged at different times without reference to any general 
plan ; it is now occupied by part of his Majesty's household, 
for which it is well adopted, the apartments being spacious 
and commodious ; attached are an extensive range of gardens. 



VIRGINIA WATER. 67 

On the east of Cumberland Lodge, commencing' at Bishop's- 
gtite, is a ride forming- the principal approach to the cele- 
brated lake called Virginia Water, which presents a succes- 
sion of delightful views, the natural charms of the scenery 
amid which it winds having been materially heightened by 
the judicious aid of art. Descending- through a valley over- 
hung with larch, pine, and fir-trees, the road crosses an 
embankment at the head of the lake, having a rustic stone 
fence on one side entwined with moss and ivy, near which a 
ride has been recently formed passing over an arm of the lake 
by a bridge, the archway being used as a boat-house ; this 
ride terminates at the King's fishing'-temple, an elegant sum- 
mer pavilion, having a tastefully-disposed flower-garden on 
the land front, with a fountain in the centre stocked with 
gold and silver fish ; on the side facing the lake a gallery 
extends the whole length of the building for the accommo- 
dation of his Majesty and suite when taking the diversion of 
augling; the roof is painted in various colours and orna- 
mented with dragons and other grotesque figures, but the 
interior, comprising a spacious central apartment and two 
smaller ones at the wings, is fitted up with great plainness. 
A winding path among the plantations leads from this pavilion 
to a small hermitage situated on an ascent overhanging the 
water and lig-hted by latticed windows containing some curious 
specimens of ancient stained glass. From this spot the lake, 
for upwards of a mile, expands to a considerable width, and 
admit of aquatic amusements upon a large scale ; a miniature 
frigate, named the Victorine, and several pleasure-boats are 
fitted up for this purpose during the summer months, the one 
generally used by the King resembling an elegant Moorish 
tent, having an awning supported by lances and crowned 
with the Mahometan crescent. Several bridges cross this fine 
piece of water, the principal of which is on the road to the 
small village of Blackness ; it consists of five stone arches, 
with rustic basements to the piers and a corresponding para- 
pet.* Over another part of the lake is a bridge of one arch, 
165 feet in span, on a small mound beyond which stands a 
lofty stone obelisk crowned by an image of the sun, designed 
as a point of view from Cumberland Lodge. Near the high 
Southampton road the water forms a beautiful cascade, 
descending into a glen romantically shaded with plantations 
of birch, willow and acacia : — 

* This bridge was lately rebuilt under the superintendance of 
Mr. Bedborough, a preceding one having become dilapidated, and 
presents a very handsome specimen of masonry ; on a small island, 
a short distance above it, is a summer-room fitted up in the Chinese 
style. 

h 2 



68 VIRGINIA WATER. 

" Hollowly here the gushing water sounds 

With a mysterious voice ; and one might pause 

Upon it* echoes till it seemed a noise 

Of fathomless wilds where man had never walked." 

By the side of the cascade is a stone cave, " moss overgrown," 
constructed with fragments of immense size and curious shape 
that were originally dug- np at Bag-shot-heath and are sup- 
posed to be the remains of a Saxon Cromlech At the base 
of this fall it becomes a running stream and, after winding 
throug-h a great part of Surrey, falls into the Thames near 
Chertsey The plantations on its banks are laid out in a num- 
ber of walks and drives, planted with a variety of trees, 
shrubs, and exotics, among- which are some particular fine 
specimens of fir •, one of these drives passes bene ath the forest 
road to Reading-, and on each side of the archway are several 
massive columns of granite, marble, and porphyry, brought 
from Greece and the coast of the Levant, disposed so as to 
form an ornamental ruin, called the Temple of the Gods. 
O-i the summit of a'small eminence stands the Belvidere, a 
triangular battlemented buildingfitted up in the Gothic style 
and having a battery mounted with twenty-one pieces of brass 
ordnance, which were employed by William, Duke^of Cum 
laud, in his campaigns of 1744-46. 

The lodges at the entrances into the Park were principally 
built in the reign of Queen Anne and have nothing deserving 
particular notice with the exception of one near Holly-grove, 
called Sandpit-gate. It was erected in the year 1800 after a 
design from the Gothic by Mr. J. Wyatt ; the dwelling- 
house is embattled, aud the carriage archway, on each side 
of which is an octagonal tower, has a corresponding parapet ; 
its pleasing appearance is much heightened by the ivy that 
mantles the building in several places. The adjoining inci- 
sures are fitted up for the King's private collection of foreign 
quadrupeds and birds, among which are quaggias, kangaroos, 
the camelopard lately presented to his Majesty by the Pacha 
of Egypt, two Egytian cows, a Norwegian mouse-deer, 
crown birds, ostriches, emews, and a variety of the smaller 
species of the feathered tribe •, very little restraint is imposed 
upou them and, in many instances, they are quite domes- 
ticated. On the western side of this gateway is Windsor 
Forest, the original circumference of which was computed to 
be ;\?0 miles, but, having been inclosed by an act of Parlia- 
ment, a small portion only, adjoining the Park and inter- 
sected by the high road from Windsor to Reading, has been 
for its original purposes ; it is thickly planted in 
in; iiv places with young oaks, for which the soil is well 
adapted. The northen part of the Forest is luxuriantly tint- 



CRANBOURN LODGE. 69 

bered and retains its pristine appearance ; several drives pass 
through it, terminating ut New Lodge, formerly a royal 
hunting-box. 

Between the Park and Forest, in the centre of a thickly- 
wooded inclosure, stands the house and grounds caih:d Cran- 
bourn Lodge. It was built by the Earl of Ranelagh,* pay- 
master to the forces in the reign of Charles II., and was 
subsequently occupied by William, Duke of Cumberland; 
the Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Cotiurg was the last member 
of the royal family who resided here. It is a plain brick 
structure with the exception of the north front which is stuc- 
coed and battlemented, and is situated on a gentle elevation 
commanding an extensive prospect ■; the building and offices 
are at present only tenanted by part of the King's hunting 
establishment. 

* In 1709 the Karl of Ranelagh erected on the neighbouring plain 
a schooi for educating and clothing twenty boys and twenty girls 
belonging to VVinkfield and Craubourn. It is a neat building, the 
school rooms being on the wings and a chapel in the centre, con- 
nected by a light colonnade ; there is a small library, containing 
several scarce and valuable books, principally classics and early 
writers on divinity. 



70 
APPENDIX. 



TABLE OF THE NAMES OF THE PAINTERS 

WHOSE WORKS ARE IN THE STATE APARTMENTS, 

WINDSOR CASTLE, 

With their native place and their birth and decease. 



Albano 

Balestra, Antonio 

Bumboccio . 

Bray, De 

Breughel, P. 

Caracci, Anaibal 

Caravaggio . 

Cignani, Carlo 

Copley 

Coreggio 

Cortona, da P. 

Dahl . 

Dance . 

Denner, B. 

Dolci, Carlo 

Domenichino 

Douw, Gerard 

Dupont 

Gamsborough 

Garofalo 

Guercino 

Guido 

Hanneman, Adrian 

Holbein 

Honthorst 

Huysman, James 

Junnette 

Jaasten 

Jorduno, Luca 

Kajf . . 

Rneller, Sir Godfrey 

Laura, F. 

Lazzarini 

Lely, Sir Peter 



i578|Bo!ogua 

1666 Verona 1740 

16i3Naarden 16' 

1625 Haerlem 1680 

1510 Breughel, near Breda 1570 

1580 Bologna 1609 
1569 Milanese 1609 
1628 Bologna 1719 

— United States 
1494 Coreggio, duchy of Modena 1534 

1 596 Cortona 1697 

1656 Stockholm 1743 

1730 London 1811 

1685'Hamburgh 1747 

1616 Florence 1686 

1581 Bologna 1641 
1613 Leyden 1674 

1767 1797 

1727 Sudbury 1788 

1481 Ferrara 1559 
1590 Cento (Farrarese territory) 1666 

1574 Bologna 1642 

1611 Hague 1680 

1498 Au gsbourg 1544 

1592 Utrecht 1660 

1656 Antwerp 1696 

1690 Amsterdam 1665 

1632 Naples 1705 

1530 Amsterdam 1693 

1648Lubeck 1723 

1623 Rome 1694 

1654 Venice 11720 

1617lSoest, Westphalia 1680. 



APPENDIX. 



71 



Name 


Born Native of 


Died 
17 1 3 


Maratti, Curio 


J 625 Aneona 


Matsys, Quentin . 


1460 Antwerp 


1529 


Mieris 


16:35 Leyden 


— 


More, Sir A. 


1519 Utrecht 


1576 


Opie 


1761 Cornwall 


1807 


Pal ma (1\ Giovine) 
Parmigiano 


1544 Veoice 


1628 


1475 Parma 


15;)0 


Penn, G. 


— ■ .. 


— 


Pordenone . 


1520 Venice 


i570 


Poussin, G. 


1613 Rome 


1* 75 


Raffaelle, or Raphael 


1483 


1520 


Ramsey 


1709 Ed inn rgh 


1784 


Rembrandt . 


1606 Near Le\ den 


1<:74 


Ricci, Sebastian . 


1659Belluno* 


1^4 


Rottenhamer 


1561 Munich 


1»:06 


Rubens 


1577 Cologne 


16i0 


Rug-en das 


1666 Augftisbourg 


1U2 


Russell 


1744;Guidlford , S irrey 


1806 


Schiayoni 


l522;Sebenico, Dal mat ia 


1582 


Serres 


— [Auch, Gascony 


1793 


Snyders 


167w Antwerp • 


imi 


Spag-noletto 


1589|yati\a, Valencia 


lf>56 


Steenvvyck . 


1550 S teen wvck 


1603 


Swanevelt . 


1620W O erden 


1690 


Teniers, D. jun. . 


1610 Antwerp 


1694 


Tintoretto 


1512 Venice 


1594 


Titian 


1477 Caclore 


1576 


Vandyck 


159? Antwerp 


364* 


Vanloo 


1684 Aix, Provence 


1746 


Van Somer . 


1576 ; Ac twerp 


1621 


Veres, Carlo 


— 





Verrio . 


1634|Naples 


17H? 


Vinci, Lionardo da 


1445Vi nc i 


1550 


Vosterman . 


1643'Bommel 


— 


West . 


1738|Philadelphia 


li-20 


Wissing- 


1 656 A msterdam 


1687 


Wouvermans 


1620jBaerlem 


If68 


Wright, Michael . 


— i Scotland 


1700 


Wyck, John 


1640fHarelem 


M702 


Zeeman 


— JHollond 


|1744 


Zuccherelli . 


1702»Pitigliano, Tuscany 


J1788 



C. Andrews, Printer, Windsor. 



s 



